Synthetic polymers, also known as plastics, are man-made long-chain carbon molecules that have distinct chemical structures and physical properties. They are made up of monomers that are linked together through a process known as polymerization. Some key characteristics of synthetic polymers include their versatility, durability, lightweight nature and ability to be molded into various shapes. Due to these advantages, plastics have found widespread applications in a variety of industries globally.
Rising Demand for Synthetic Polymers Industry
The demand for synthetic polymers has risen significantly over the past few decades owing to factors such as rapid industrialization, growing population, rising disposable incomes and urbanization. Synthetic polymers are globally produced in huge quantities estimated to be over 460 million tons annually. The Asia Pacific region accounts for the majority of plastic production with China being the largest plastic producer in the world. The sector has experienced strong growth rates of over 5% each year driven primarily by expanding end-use industries such as packaging, construction, automobiles and electronics. Plasticconsumption is also increasing in developing nations as they urbanize and improve their living standards. Going forward, demand is projected to continue rising at a healthy pace driven by the growing middle class in emerging economies.
Classification of Synthetic Polymers
Synthetic Polymers can be broadly classified into two main types - thermoplastics and thermosets. Thermoplastics can be repeatedly softened on heating and hardened on cooling, which makes them recyclable and easy to mold. Common examples are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS). Thermosets, on the other hand, harden permanently once shaped and cannot be remelted or remolded upon heating. They include bakelite, unsaturated polyesters and epoxy resins. Based on their chemical structures, some major synthetic polymers are polyolefins, vinyl polymers, polyurethanes, polyamides and thermoplastic elastomers.
Packaging Industry - Largest End-User
The packaging industry accounts for about 40% of total synthetic polymer usage globally owing to benefits such as low weight, durability, versatility and barrier properties. Synthetic polymers are extensively used for flexible, rigid and thermoform packaging of food, beverages, pharmaceuticals and various other consumer goods. Major plastics used include low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene. Their barrier properties allow extending the shelf life of packaged products while reducing transportation costs. Rapid urbanization, growing incomes and changing lifestyles are propelling the packaging sector especially across emerging nations.
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