Advances in Hemostasis Diagnostics: Evaluating Bleeding and Thrombosis
Hemostasis is the physiological process that controls bleeding at the site of vessel injury through blood coagulation and clot formation. When the vascular endothelial lining is disrupted, platelets attach to exposed collagen at the site of injury, triggering coagulation reactions that lead to fibrin deposition and clot formation. Hemostatic balance relies on a complex interplay between procoagulant and anticoagulant factors circulating in plasma and those present on cell surfaces. Evaluation of hemostasis through laboratory diagnostics provides critical information to determine bleeding disorders and risks of thrombosis.
Diagnostic Evaluation of Bleeding Disorders
Initial screening tests in Hemostasis Diagnostics for potential bleeding disorders include the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). The PT assesses the extrinsic pathway and common pathway of coagulation, while the aPTT evaluates the intrinsic pathway and common pathway. Prolongation of screening tests indicates a coagulation factor deficiency requiring additional specific factor assays for diagnosis. Platelet count and function tests are also important to rule out qualitative platelet defects. Further targeted tests are available for specific inherited or acquired factor deficiencies. Advanced diagnostic methods utilize chromatographic and molecular techniques for precise diagnoses.
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