Amino acid PET, including F-FDOPA, is recommended for initial characterization, delineation of tumor extent, and follow-up of gliomas because of its high diagnostic performances. F-FDOPA accumulates inside tumor cells via the L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) whose expression is increased in gliomas. We report here a case of a histopathologically proven brain amyloidoma that was first addressed for a suspected glioma. Congo red staining showed scattered extracellular deposits of amyloid and immunohistochemistry-highlighted LAT1 expression, explaining the high F-FDOPA uptake found in this lesion. This case indicates that differential diagnosis of the F-FDOPA uptake in brain lesions should include amyloidoma.An 80-year-old woman experienced dyspnea. Cardiac enlargement was detected by chest radiography at a local hospital. She was admitted to our hospital, and echocardiography and CT revealed pericardial effusion and multiple tumor lesions in right atrium. F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated multiple nodular accumulations in these tumors (SUVmax, 14.5). Cytologic analysis of the pericardial fluid revealed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is rare, and there are few reports about the F-FDG PET/CT imaging features of PCLs. In high F-FDG uptake in multiple tumors in the right atrium and large pericardial effusion, a PCL should be considered.We present 2 cases of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with diffuse involvement of the entire pancreas. One case with G2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor showed nearly normal pancreatic shape and signal intensity on MRI, normal pancreatic FDG uptake, and diffuse pancreatic Ga-DOTATOC uptake. The other case with G3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor showed diffusely enlarged pancreas with abnormal MR signal intensity and increased FDG uptake. These 2 cases indicate that neuroendocrine tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of diffuse pancreatic diseases. Somatostatin receptor imaging may be helpful for the diagnosis of diffuse pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in equivocal cases.Myxoid leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor that originates from the mesenchymal tissue with extensive mucoid degeneration. It usually occurs in the uterus; occurrences from other tissues are extremely rare. Here we report the FDG PET/CT findings and clinicopathological of primary pleura myxoid leiomyosarcoma in a 51-year-old man.Extragonadal germ cell tumors are rare. Most of these tumors occur in the anterior mediastinum, retroperitoneum, pineal gland, or suprasellar region. Here, we present a case of a 29-year-old man with a paravertebral mass to the right of the T8 and T9 vertebral bodies on MRI and FDG PET/CT. The lesion exhibited intense FDG uptake and invaded the adjacent rib. Postoperative pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of a germ cell tumor. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/elamipretide-mtp-131.html This case cautions us that extragonadal germ cell tumors should be in the differential diagnostic spectrum of paravertebral lesions.F-fluorocholine has recently emerged as a very sensitive agent for seeking parathyroid adenomas. We represent a case with esophageal diverticulum incidentally detected on F-fuorocholine PET/CT, which should be kept in mind as a reason of false positivity in primary hyperparathyroidism.A 54-year-old man presented with a history of upper lip pain for 4 weeks. Biopsy of the lip lesion revealed extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. F-FDG PET/CT scan showed the solely high uptake in the right upper lip without any other nodal or extranodal involvements.Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed in the endothelial cells of tumor-associated neovasculature of various nonprostatic benign and malignant neoplasms including juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA). Positive uptake on PET/CT imaging with Ga-labeled PSMA is noted in a patient with residual disease after initial surgery without any abnormal uptake in postoperative fibrosis, in contrast to contrast-enhanced MRI, which was confirmed by biopsy. Ga-PSMA PET/CT may be a useful tool clinically for identifying early biochemical recurrences and in specifically differentiating recurrences from surgical site reparative tissue.BACKGROUND Brain F-FDG uptake reportedly starts to decline more than 10 years before the onset of cognitive decline in dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease (AD). We compared longitudinal F-FDG images in sporadic AD to aging data from a large sample size to expand the current knowledge of F-FDG reduction for AD progression. METHODS Participants comprised 2 individuals (subjects A and B at ages 65 and 68 years, respectively) and 107 control subjects (67.9 [SD, 4.9] years). Subject A underwent F-FDG PET a total of 8 times over 9 years from the preclinical to early dementia stages. Subject B underwent F-FDG PET a total of 11 times over 12 years from the preclinical to mild cognitive impairment stages. Control subjects underwent F-FDG PET twice over a mean follow-up period of 7.8 years. After placing the volume of interest on the AD-related hypometabolic regions, the longitudinal F-FDG images were compared among the subjects and control subjects. RESULTS For the control group, the rate of F-FDG reduction was 2.2% per decade (ie, aging effects). The rates of F-FDG reduction were 9.41% over 9 years and 9.07% over 12 years in subjects A and B, respectively. We estimated that F-FDG uptake started to decrease 4 and 2 years before indications of memory loss in subjects A and B, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that the time between the beginning of F-FDG reduction and the onset of cognitive decline may be shorter in elderly individuals with AD compared with the recently estimated period in dominantly inherited AD.Three-phase bone scan was performed for evaluation of possible sinus tarsi syndrome in a 52-year-old man with chronic left ankle pain. MRI was initially read as unremarkable, and there was little symptomatic improvement after intra-articular anesthetic injection. The primary finding that appreciated only delayed bone SPECT/CT images was focal increased uptake associated with a well-corticated 8-mm bony fragment adjacent to the left calcaneus, thought to represent an accessory ossicle within the left sinus tarsi. The increased uptake suggested fracture or severe degenerative change of the ossicle, likely contributing to the patient's chronic pain.