Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for structural biology. It can be used to analyze the secondary and tertiary structure of macromolecules in solution, including proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. CD spectroscopy is a non-invasive and non-destructive method that can provide valuable information about the folding, stability, and interactions of macromolecules. CD spectra can be used to determine the secondary structure of a protein, such as its alpha helix, beta sheet, and random coil content.

Circular Dichroism (CD) Spectrometer can also be used to study the conformational changes induced by ligand binding or environmental factors. However, CD spectroscopy has limitations in analyzing large macromolecular complexes or membrane proteins, which require other techniques such as X-ray crystallography or cryo-electron microscopy.

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