Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical technique that has revolutionized molecular biology, genetics, and other scientific disciplines. By applying an electric field to charged molecules in a gel matrix, electrophoresis enables their separation based on size, charge, or other physical properties. Electrophoresis operates on the principle that charged molecules migrate in an electric field. The technique involves placing the sample within a gel matrix, typically agarose or polyacrylamide. As an electric current passes through the gel, it induces migration of the charged molecules. The migration rate is influenced by the molecular properties, such as size, charge, and shape.

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