Radiotherapy techniques have evolved to minimize treatment-related side effects and enhance the quality of life for cancer patients. The use of advanced radiation delivery methods, such as IMRT and IGRT, enables a more conformal dose distribution, sparing surrounding healthy tissues from unnecessary radiation exposure. This reduction in collateral damage results in fewer acute and long-term side effects, such as fatigue, skin reactions, and organ dysfunction. Furthermore, hypofractionated radiotherapy schedules, which deliver higher doses per treatment session over a shorter overall treatment period, have been shown to be as effective as conventional schedules while reducing treatment duration and improving convenience for patients.

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