3D ICs (Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits) and IoT (Internet of Things) Security are two crucial components in safeguarding connected devices and ensuring the security and privacy of the data they handle. 3D IC represent a technological advancement in integrated circuit design by stacking multiple layers of circuitry, enabling higher device density and enhanced performance. This technology offers several benefits such as reduced power consumption, improved signal integrity, and increased functionality. However, the integration of multiple layers also introduces new security challenges. Each layer in a 3D IC can potentially act as a security vulnerability, as an attacker could gain unauthorized access to sensitive information by tampering with any layer.

Therefore, it is vital to implement robust security measures at each level of the 3D ICs design, including secure inter-layer communication, hardware authentication, and encryption to prevent unauthorized access and ensure the integrity of the system. IoT Security is another critical aspect of safeguarding connected devices. With the proliferation of IoT devices in various domains, securing these devices and the data they generate has become a paramount concern. IoT devices are often resource-constrained, lacking the computational power and memory to implement robust security mechanisms. This vulnerability makes them attractive targets for cybercriminals. To address this challenge, IoT security measures should include strong device authentication, secure communication protocols, data encryption, and regular security updates to mitigate vulnerabilities. Additionally, employing intrusion detection and prevention systems can help identify and mitigate potential threats in real-time.