Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting restorative and sufficient sleep. It can lead to various daytime symptoms and functional impairments because it prevents individuals from getting the recommended amount of sleep.

Common options include over-the-counter sleep aids (e.g., diphenhydramine), prescription medications like benzodiazepines, and newer medications like Artvigil 150mg and Waklert 150mg.

Here are some general recommendations and treatments that can help improve sleep:

1. **Sleep Hygiene:** Start with good sleep hygiene practices, which involve creating a sleep-conducive environment and adopting healthy sleep habits. This includes maintaining a regular sleep schedule, creating a comfortable sleep environment, and avoiding stimulants like caffeine and nicotine close to bedtime.
2. **Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I):** CBT-I is considered the gold standard for treating chronic insomnia. It involves working with a trained therapist to identify and change behaviors and thought patterns that may be contributing to your insomnia.
3. **Medications:** In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help with sleep. These medications should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional and only for short-term or intermittent use.
4. **Melatonin:** Melatonin supplements are sometimes used to help regulate sleep-wake cycles, especially in cases of jet lag or shift work. It's important to use melatonin supplements under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as the appropriate dosage and timing can vary.
5. **Lifestyle Changes:** Lifestyle modifications can play a significant role in improving sleep. This includes regular exercise, a balanced diet, and managing stress through techniques like relaxation exercises or mindfulness meditation.
6. **Stress Management:** Addressing underlying stress and anxiety can be crucial in treating insomnia. Techniques such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or relaxation exercises can help manage stress and reduce sleep disturbances.
7. **Limiting Screen Time:** Exposure to screens before bedtime, such as from phones, tablets, or computers, can interfere with sleep due to the blue light emitted by these devices. It's recommended to avoid screens for at least an hour before bedtime.
8. **Avoiding Heavy Meals and Alcohol Before Bed:** Large meals and alcohol close to bedtime can disrupt sleep. It's best to have a light dinner and avoid alcohol at least a few hours before bedtime.
9. **Alternative Therapies:** Some people find relief from insomnia through alternative therapies like acupuncture, herbal supplements (e.g., valerian root, chamomile), or relaxation techniques like progressive muscle relaxation or aromatherapy.
10. **Consult a Healthcare Professional:** If insomnia persists or worsens despite trying these strategies, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional. They can help identify any underlying medical conditions contributing to sleep problems and recommend appropriate treatment.