Next Generation Sequencing: The Future of Genomics
Transcriptomics and Epigenetics
Next Generation Sequencing technologies are revolutionizing other areas of genomics beyond whole genome and exome sequencing. RNA sequencing, also known as RNA-seq, allows comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome at a depth and scale not possible before Next Generation Sequencing. Scientists are using RNA-seq to explore alternative splicing, gene fusions, differential gene expression, and the functional impact of genetic variants on the transcriptome.
Next Generation Sequencing is also being applied to epigenomics research through whole genome bisulfite sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. These approaches enable high-resolution mapping of DNA methylation patterns and histone modifications across genomes. Combined with genomics and transcriptomics data, this new layer of epigenetic information is helping to unravel how gene regulation and expression are controlled in health and disease.
Microbiome and Single Cell Research
Exciting new research areas are also being enabled and revolutionized by Next Generation Sequencing. Metagenomic analysis using Next Generation Sequencing is allowing comprehensive investigation of microbial communities in various environments like the human microbiome. Researchers have just started to tap the potential of such studies to understand our symbiotic relationships with microbial partners and how they impact health and disease.
Next Generation Sequencing approaches are also empowering new single cell approaches like single cell DNA sequencing and single cell RNA sequencing. They allow genomics and transcriptomics to be investigated at the single cell level rather than averaging effects over bulk populations. Studying cells individually can uncover important new heterogeneities that were previously masked in bulk studies, with implications for developmental biology, cancer evolution, and more.
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