Causes of Pigmentation Disorders

There are various factors that contribute to the development of pigmentation disorders:

Genetics: Some disorders like vitiligo have a hereditary link with genetic mutations affecting melanin production. Freckles also have a strong genetic predisposition.

Sun exposure: UV radiation from the sun is a major cause of increased melanin production leading to tan, age or liver spots. It also exacerbates existing conditions like melasma.

Hormonal changes: Changes in hormone levels during puberty, pregnancy or menstrual cycles can trigger melasma in susceptible individuals.

Medical conditions: Autoimmune disorders, thyroid irregularities or other underlying medical problems may play a role in some Pigmentation Disorders Treatment.

Inflammation and injuries: Bites, burns, inflammation from acne or eczema can cause post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in darker skin tones.

Treatment Options for Pigmentation Disorders

Creams and gels: Topical preparations containing hydroquinone, kojic acid, arbutin or azelaic acid help inhibit abnormal melanin production, brighten skin and even out patches over time with regular application.

Laser therapy: Lasers specifically target melanin in darkened patches to break it up slowly. Various laser types include Q-switched ruby laser, Q-switched ND:YAG laser and picosecond laser. Multiple sessions are usually required.

Chemical peels: Light to medium-depth chemical peels using substances like glycolic acid, salicylic acid, lactic acid and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) help exfoliate and turn over dark skin.

Skin camouflage: Concealers, foundations and color-correcting cosmetics can temporarily camouflage areas until permanent treatment takes effect.

Physician-dispensed hydroquinone: Stronger 4% hydroquinone formulations require a prescription and may cause irritation if misused. A dermatologist's guidance is important.

Other therapies: Newer options being researched for vitiligo include narrowband UVB light therapy, excimer laser and phototherapy with topical immunomodulators. Surgery is sometimes used for raised freckles or moles.

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