Managing Canine Atopic Dermatitis Commonly Used Drug Therapies and Lifestyle Approaches
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are very effective in providing quick relief from inflammatory symptoms of atopic dermatitis in dogs. They work by reducing inflammation and itchiness. Topical corticosteroids like mometasone or fluticasone are usually the first line of treatment. They come in cream, ointment or spray formulations and are applied directly over the affected skin areas twice daily. Oral corticosteroids like prednisone are also prescribed for short-term use during flare-ups to bring the inflammation under control rapidly. However, they can cause side effects with long-term use like increased thirst, urination etc. So topical application is preferred for maintenance therapy.
Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine, marketed under the brand name Canine Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Drugs, is an oral immunosuppressant drug mainly used for long-term management of canine atopic dermatitis. It works by reducing the activation and migration of T-cells which are responsible for allergic skin inflammation. Cyclosporine requires a prescription from a veterinarian. It comes in capsule form and needs to be given orally once daily, with or without food. This drug takes 4-8 weeks to take effect and show symptomatic improvement. Side effects can include loss of appetite, vomiting and diarrhea which usually subside with continued use. Cyclosporine provides effective relief from symptoms for over 6 months to a year in most dogs.
Antihistamines
Antihistamines work by blocking the effects of histamine, a chemical mediator that causes itching and other allergic symptoms. Oral antihistamines like cetirizine, hydroxyzine and chlorpheniramine are commonly used to reduce itchiness in dogs with atopic dermatitis. These are available over the counter without prescription. They come as chewable tablets or liquids which need to be administered orally twice daily, 30 minutes before meals. Antihistamines have minimal to no side effects and can be given long-term for itch relief along with other therapies. They are highly effective on localized or seasonal allergies but may not show marked results for persistent skin inflammation.
Omega-3 & 6 Fatty Acids
Essential fatty acids like omega-3 (EPA and DHA) and omega-6 (GLA) have shown beneficial effects in the management of canine atopic dermatitis. Fish oil and evening primrose oil supplements are rich sources of these fatty acids. They help regulate the immune system response and reduce inflammation. Omega fatty acid supplements can be found as capsules or liquids for oral administration. No prescription is required for their use. While fatty acid therapy alone may not control all symptoms, including them as a part of the overall treatment plan has additional anti-inflammatory effects along with drugs
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