Rosacea Treatment Understanding the Skin Condition and Available Options
What is Rosacea?
Rosacea is a long-term skin disease that predominantly affects the face. It is characterized by redness, pimples, swelling and inflammation. There are four main subtypes of rosacea - erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, papulopustular rosacea, phymatous rosacea and ocular rosacea. Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea causes flushing and persistent redness on the cheeks, nose, forehead and chin. Papulopustular rosacea results in solid bumps and pimples on the skin. Phymatous rosacea leads to thickening of the skin on nose. Ocular rosacea impacts the eyes causing irritation, dryness and redness.
Causes of Rosacea
The exact cause of rosacea is unknown but certain factors can trigger flare-ups. Genetics plays a role as people with a family history are at higher risk. Other triggers include hot baths and showers, spicy foods, alcoholic beverages, sun exposure, stress, hot or cold weather and certain skin care products. Rosacea is more common in people with fair skin and in females. The triggers cause inflammation and dilatation of the blood vessels under the skin resulting in persistent redness and breakouts.
Lifestyle Management of Rosacea
Adopting certain lifestyle habits can help manage Rosacea Treatment symptoms. It is important to identify personal triggers and avoid them to prevent flare-ups. Wearing sunscreen and protective clothing while going out in sunlight protects the skin. Drinking plenty of water, managing stress through relaxation techniques and eating a healthy diet helps the skin heal. Refraining from hot showers or baths and using only mild cleansers approved for sensitive skin also reduces irritation. Avoiding triggers as much as possible through lifestyle modifications is the first line of defense against rosacea.
Topical Medications for Rosacea
Mild rosacea can often be controlled using topical creams, gels and lotions containing anti-inflammatory ingredients. Metronidazole and Azelaic acid creams are commonly prescribed to treat inflammation and breakouts. Ivermectin lotion is newer topical therapy that is also quite effective for mild to moderate papules. Alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) preparations exfoliate skin and reduce visible redness over time. Topical antibiotics like clindamycin help clear pimples. Choosing a fragrance-free, non-comedogenic topical under the guidance of a dermatologist can help manage skin condition.
Laser Therapy and Intense Pulsed Light Treatment
For some with more stubborn redness or thickened skin, laser therapy and Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) treatments provide relief. Laser therapies target dilated blood vessels using different types of lasers like potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser, pulsed dye laser or alexandrite laser. IPL uses broad spectrum light to treat redness. A series of 4-6 sessions spaced 4-6 weeks apart is usually required. Immediate noticeable reduction in redness occurs in most patients after these in-office treatments. Lasers demand more downtime and are costlier than topicals but provide long lasting results.
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