0D nanomaterials are Nanomaterials that are confined in all three spatial dimensions. Some common examples include quantum dots, nanoparticles and fullerene molecules like buckyballs. Given their small size, 0D nanomaterials have high surface area to volume ratios, leading to radically different physical and chemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts. For instance, quantum dots are able to emit light of various wavelengths depending on their size, making them applicable for optical devices.

1D nanomaterials have constrained dimensions on two axes while being able to extend in the third dimension. Examples are nanotubes, nanorods and nanowires. Nanotubes, especially carbon nanotubes, have unique mechanical and electrical properties that promise applications in materials science, electronics and biomedical engineering. Due to their high aspect ratios, 1D nanomaterials also show improved strength characteristics.

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