Ethanol Derivatives: An Overview of Production and Applications
One of the most prevalent ethanol derivatives is ethylene glycol. It is produced by oxidizing ethanol with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst. Ethylene oxide is generated as an intermediate which then reacts with water to form ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol finds widespread applications as an anti-freeze and coolant in automobile radiators due to its high boiling point and freezing point. It is also used as a solvent in food processing and as a raw material in polyester production. Around 6 million tons of ethylene glycol is manufactured annually across the globe.
Diethyl ether, also known as ethyl ether, is synthesized by dehydrating Ethanol Derivatives with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Being volatile, flammable, and having a pleasant smell, diethyl ether was historically used as an anesthetic during medical surgeries. Nowadays, it finds use as a solvent and extractant in chemical laboratories. Diethyl ether is also added to gasoline to raise the octane number and acts as a fuel additive. The global production of diethyl ether is approximately 500,000 tons per year.
When ethanol reacts with acetic acid in the presence of a catalyst, usually sulfuric acid, ethyl acetate is formed. Ethyl acetate has a pleasant fruity smell similar to pears and is commonly used as a solvent and diluent in paints, varnishes, and nail polish removers. It also finds applications in consumer goods like fragrances, foods, and beverages. Another major use of ethyl acetate is as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals and polymers. The global capacity of ethyl acetate stands at 2 million tons annually.
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