The list of maintenance costs that European homeowners and tenants must pay is long

Heating radiator with temperature regulator
Heating radiators are equipped with temperature regulators in Europe. This saves heat and money.

The "cold" rent and "incidental costs" make up the so-called "warm" rent - Warmmiete. This is the price that the tenant pays the landlord each month for the housing provided. This amount does not include the payment for electricity and telephone, because the tenants conclude contracts with energy and telecommunications companies on their own.

European legislators, who for decades have consistently strengthened the rights of tenants (after all, they constitute the bulk of the electorate), have clearly defined a list of those housing and utility services, the payment of which the owners of housing are allowed to shift to the shoulders of tenants.

It must be said that this list is very long.

A long list of items of expenditure.

For example, property owners have the right to charge their tenants for heating, cold and hot water, as well as the purchase, installation and replacement of the appropriate meters, the use of the sewage system, garbage collection, lighting and cleaning the stairwell, the operation and repair of elevators, cable TV.

 They can charge tenants for paying the housekeeper, for cleaning the land that is part of the common property of the apartment building, for landscaping the land, for maintaining the adjacent playground, for buying insect repellents, for calling a chimney sweep.

All of this applies not only to residential premises, but also to companies and firms which are also billed. If you have a problem and you want to take care of it, you can learn about how to create fake utility bills.