What is it?

Remote Radio Units, also known as Remote Radio Heads, are modular units that serve as the interface between the baseband unit of a cellular network and an antenna. As the name suggests, RRUs are located remotely from the baseband unit (BBU). The RBU processes the digital baseband signals while the RRU converts these signals to and from radio frequencies to facilitate wireless transmission and reception using antennas. Remote Radio Unit allow wireless operators to separate the radios from base stations, enabling flexibility in deployment and management of network infrastructure.

RRU Design and Functions

RRUs perform key functions that are crucial for wireless connectivity. At a basic level, an RRU:

- Converts digital baseband signals from the BBU to analog radio signals. This involves modulation of the digital data onto radio carriers.

- Amplifies the analog radio signals to sufficient power levels before transmission through antennas.

- Receives radio signals from antennas and amplifies them.

- Converts the received radio signals back to digital baseband signals and sends them to the BBU for decoding and routing on the network.

- Provides an interface between antennas and the transmission/reception of radio signals. RRUs have connectors to attach multiple antennas for coverage.

Implements protocols for wireless standards like 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G and future standards. RRUs are equipped with the necessary RF front-end and signal processing hardware.

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