Viscose staple fiber (VSF) is a type of regenerated cellulosic fiber. It is made from cellulose derived from trees and plants through a process called viscose. Wood pulp or other vegetable matter containing high amounts of alpha-cellulose are treated with sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide to form a viscous solution called viscose. This viscose solution is then forced through a spinneret to form filaments, which are further processed and cut to form staple fibers of different lengths.

Chemistry and Manufacturing Process

To produce Viscose Staple Fiber, purified wood cellulose is treated with caustic soda and carbon disulfide to form a compound called cellulose xanthate. This cellulose xanthate dissolves in dilute alkali solution to form viscose. The viscose solution is filtered, sterilized and ripened to become spinnable. It is then forced through tiny holes of a spinneret to form filaments. The filaments harden in a bath containing sulfuric acid and are stretched. They are further processed through sulfuric acid, washing and drying cylinders. Finally, the continuous filament is cut into short staple lengths using a cutter, which are then baled, wrapped or packaged.

Properties and Applications

Some key properties of viscose staple fiber include high wet strength, good absorbency and gentle hand feel. It is highly durable, resilient and drapes well. These properties make VSF suitable for use in a variety of textile applications such as apparel, home furnishings and industrial uses. 

In apparel, VSF is commonly used to produce shirts, blouses, dresses, lingerie, jeans, suits and other garments. It offers good moisture management and maintains shape well. VSF blended with other fibers like cotton enhances durability and crease resistance of fabrics.

For home textiles, VSF is utilized in manufacturing towels, bed sheets, curtains, upholstery fabrics and more. Its absorbency makes it suitable for towel and linen applications. VSF blends result in soft, durable and easy care fabrics for home use.

Industrial uses of VSF include filtration materials for air, water and oil. Its high wet strength allows production of high-quality filter cloths from VSF. Nonwoven fabrics made from VSF fibers find applications as wall coverings, ceiling tiles, furniture padding, floor coverings and geotextiles.

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