Biomaterials are any substances that are introduced into or onto living tissue to replace or treat functions of the body. Over the past few decades, biomaterials science and technology have advanced at a remarkable pace. New engineered materials are constantly being developed and used for medical applications such as reconstructive surgery, joint replacements, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems. These novel medical engineered materials offer significant improvements over traditional options and are revolutionizing healthcare.

Titanium for Orthopedic Implants

One of the most widely used biomaterials is titanium for orthopedic implants. Titanium has a high strength-to-weight ratio, is durable and corrosion resistant. It can withstand high compressive loads without deformation. Medical Engineered Materials  These properties make it well-suited for applications like hip and knee replacements. Recently, researchers have developed new titanium alloys with even better biomechanical compatibility. Coating titanium with hydroxyapatite, a calcium phosphate similar to bone mineral, allows it to chemically bond to living bone. This enhances fixation of the implant and reduces risks of loosening or rejection by the body. Thanks to advancements in titanium biomaterials, many joint replacement patients now experience long-term relief from pain and restored mobility.

Designing Resorbable Bone Plates and Screws

Surgeons commonly use metallic plates and screws to stabilize bone fractures during healing. However, these permanent metallic implants have drawbacks such as stress-shielding of bone, interference with post-surgery imaging, and potential long-term complications. Researchers are now using resorbable biomaterials like polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid and their copolymers as alternatives. These materials can provide mechanical support during the healing phase but then degrade safely in the body as new bone forms. Absorbable plates and screws avoid a second surgery for removal while allowing natural bone remodeling. Their use is growing for applications in pediatric, maxillofacial and foot/ankle surgery.

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