Non-destructive testing (NDT) refers to a wide group of analysis techniques used in science and industry to evaluate the properties of a material, component or system without causing damage. It is a vital process used to check the integrity and performance of critical components found in aerospace, infrastructure, energy and several other important industries. By avoiding damage to the test sample, NDT allows for components to be inspected repeatedly at any phase of service life.

Common NDT Methods

There are several common non-destructive testing methods utilized depending on the material and desired inspection parameters:

Visual Testing (VT)
The simplest and most basic form of Non-Destructive Testing is visual testing which relies on sight to detect surface irregularities, cracks, corrosion or other external defects invisible to the naked eye. It is commonly used as a preliminary screening technique and to monitor for surface changes over time.

Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT)
PT involves applying a colored dyed penetrant to the test surface. Any cracks or defects are indications where the liquid penetrant bleeds out and can be visible under proper lighting conditions. It is effective for shallow surface-breaking flaws in non-porous materials.

Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)
Magnetic particle testing is used to detect discontinuities in ferromagnetic materials. The test piece is magnetized, usually by passing an electrical current. Magnetic flux leakage causes magnetic particles on the surface to align at material defects, allowing their identification.

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