What is Hormone Replacement Therapy?

Menopause is a natural biological process that occurs in women and marks the end of their menstrual cycles and fertility. It occurs approximately between the ages of 45-55 years. During menopause, a woman's estrogen levels decline significantly as her ovaries gradually stop producing eggs. This decline in estrogen levels can cause uncomfortable symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, vaginal dryness, and decreased libido.

The Menopause Transition Phase

The menopause transition phase starts with changing menstrual cycle patterns. Periods may become shorter, longer, lighter or heavier. This transition phase eventually leads to the final menstrual period, which marks the beginning of menopause. The transition phase usually lasts 4-8 years with symptoms varying from mild to severe in different women. Hot flashes and night sweats are common symptoms during this period.

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

Hormone replacement or Hormone Replacement Therapy is a treatment option which supplements the estrogen levels lost during menopause to relieve symptoms. In HRT, either estrogen alone or a combination of estrogen and progestin hormones are prescribed based on whether the woman still has a uterus or not. Estrogen aids in relieving hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, and other symptoms arising due to estrogen decline. Progestin balances the effects of estrogen on the uterus when it is added to the therapy.

Types of HRT

There are different types of HRT which are available based on the route of administration and duration of use:

Oral: Oral HRT pills containing estrogen and progestin are commonly prescribed for daily intake. These have to be taken continuously without breaks to provide symptom relief.

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