When choosing a substrate for bearded dragons, it's crucial to consider their health, safety, and natural behavior. The best substrate for bearded dragons is a matter of some debate among reptile enthusiasts, but several options stand out for their practicality and safety.

One of the most recommended substrates is reptile carpet. It's easy to clean, reduces the risk of impaction (a common health issue caused by ingesting loose substrate), and provides a solid grip for the dragon's claws. Another excellent option is ceramic or slate tiles. These mimic the natural rocky environment of bearded dragons, are easy to clean, and help keep their claws trimmed.

For a more naturalistic setup, packed soil or a soil-sand mix can be used, provided it is properly managed to prevent ingestion. These substrates allow for digging, which is a natural behavior for bearded dragons, but require regular monitoring to maintain cleanliness and prevent impaction risks.

Paper towels or newspaper are also safe and economical choices, especially for younger dragons or those requiring close health monitoring. While not aesthetically pleasing, they are easy to replace and hygienic.

Avoid loose substrates like sand, wood chips, and calcium sand, as they pose significant risks of impaction and respiratory issues. Ultimately, the best substrate balances safety, cleanliness, and the bearded dragon’s natural behavior.