China's soft power diplomacy in Nepal reflects its broader foreign policy ambitions, striving for a China-dominated Asia and a Chinese-led world order. This strategy was evident when Nepal's Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Narayan Kaji Shrestha, visited China from March 25 to April 1 at the invitation of Wang Yi, a high-ranking member of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The two nations agreed to expedite the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) implementation plan. The launch of the “Silk Roadster” platform in Nepal last year under the BRI umbrella exemplifies China’s softer approach compared to traditional hard power projects. This initiative is designed to foster practical cooperation and people-to-people exchanges between China and Southeast and South Asian countries.

Strategic Importance of Nepal for China

Nepal's strategic location between India and China makes it a crucial player in regional geopolitics. By leveraging soft power tools such as education, tourism, and health, China aims to counterbalance India's influence and strengthen its presence in South Asia. Nepal's proximity to Tibet holds significant importance for Beijing’s national security. Anti-China protests by Tibetan exiles in Nepal could inspire similar sentiments within Tibet, challenging China's sovereignty and domestic stability. Therefore, by deepening bilateral relations with Nepal, China seeks to mitigate security threats and maintain regional stability.

Tourism as a Soft Power Tool

Tourism has been a significant aspect of China's soft power strategy in Nepal. The agreement signed in 2014 to enhance cooperation in mountaineering and tourism was followed by a series of initiatives to boost Chinese tourism in Nepal. Although the 2015 earthquake caused a temporary decline in Chinese tourist numbers, the implementation of a visa exemption for Chinese tourists in 2016 revitalized this sector. The launch of an interactive tourism website in Chinese in 2018 further increased Chinese tourist numbers, peaking at 169,543 in 2019. China's efforts in promoting Nepal's cultural heritage and natural beauty not only benefit Nepal's economy but also enhance China's image as a benevolent neighbour. This economic dependence on Chinese tourists gives China political leverage to influence Nepalese policies.

Education and Health: Building Long-term Influence

Education is another critical aspect of China’s soft power in Nepal. The number of Nepalese students in China has significantly increased, bolstered by Chinese scholarships and the establishment of Confucius Classrooms in Nepal. These initiatives promote Chinese language and culture, fostering positive perceptions of China among the Nepali population. Similarly, China's investments in Nepal's healthcare system demonstrate its commitment to supporting Nepal's development. Following the 2015 earthquake, China provided substantial aid for reconstruction efforts, including rebuilding hospitals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, China supplied vaccines to Nepal, further solidifying its role as a supportive partner.

Conclusion

China's multifaceted soft power diplomacy in Nepal, encompassing tourism, education, and health, is a strategic effort to enhance its influence and achieve broader foreign policy goals. Stay updated with new developments on this issue through a detailed article here.