Companion Animal Arthritis: Understanding and Managing this Common Pet Condition
Causes and Risk Factors of Arthritis in Dogs and Cats
Arthritis is caused by the breakdown and erosion of the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in joints. As the cartilage wears away, the bones begin to rub against each other, causing pain, swelling and loss of mobility. There are a few key factors that can increase an animal's risk of developing arthritis:
Age - Cartilage naturally starts to break down as pets get older, so arthritis is more common in senior pets. Large or giant breed dogs are also more susceptible because of their size and weight putting more pressure on joints.
Injury - Any previous joint injuries, fractures or surgeries can lead to the development of arthritis later in life as the joint never fully recovers. Athletic pets that participate in high impact sports are also at higher risk.
Genetics - Certain breeds have a genetic predisposition to arthritis. For example, Labradors, Golden Retrievers and Rottweilers commonly suffer from hip and elbow dysplasia.
Obesity - Carrying extra weight puts additional stress on joints, hastening the onset of arthritis. Losing even a few pounds can help alleviate arthritis symptoms.
Diagnosing Companion Animal Arthritis
While arthritis cannot be cured, early detection allows treatment to be started before permanent joint damage occurs. Veterinarians will examine the pet for any signs of pain, swelling, stiffness, limping and assess range of motion in different joints.
Physical exams alone may not definitively confirm Companion Animal Arthritis, so other diagnostic tests like x-rays, advanced imaging like CT or MRI scans, or joint fluid analysis via arthrocentesis may be recommended. X-rays can reveal osteoarthritis changes like osteophyte formation (bone spurs), subchondral sclerosis (thickening of bone under cartilage) and loss of joint space between bones.
Managing Companion Animal Arthritis Pain and Symptoms in Dogs and Cats
Once diagnosed, the goal of arthritis management is to minimize pain and discomfort while maximizing mobility. A multifaceted treatment plan tailored to the individual pet is most effective.
Weight management is extremely important for overweight pets. Gradually losing even a small percentage of body weight can help relieve excess stress on joints. Maintaining an ideal weight through dietary management and exercise is key.
Physical therapies like controlled exercise, hydrotherapy, massage, acupuncture or chiropractic care can help improve muscle strength and flexibility around joints. Keeping joints mobile is beneficial.
Prescription anti-inflammatory and pain medications are commonly used. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are very effective at reducing inflammation, edema and pain associated with arthritis. Many pets need life-long medication to achieve optimal mobility.
Nutraceuticals and supplements containing glucosamine, chondroitin, fish oils, turmeric, and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) are considered safe natural anti-inflammatory alternatives or additions for managing mild to moderate cases.
In severe, end-stage cases, surgical options like joint replacements may be recommended to restore joint function and relieve pain. However, these procedures are expensive, carry risks and not options for all animals depending on age and health status.
With early diagnosis and a proactive treatment approach, pet owners can help their arthritic furry companions successfully manage their condition and live happy, mobile lives for many years to come. The companionship between humans and animals brings much joy—and if companion animal arthritis can be kept under control, that special bond remains unbroken.
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