Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS): Unraveling the Complexities of Acute Ischemic Stroke New Insights and Developments
What is Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS)?
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) occurs due to lack of blood flow to an area of the brain, usually because a blood vessel leading to the brain is blocked by a clot. AIS is the most common type of stroke, accounting for approximately 87% of all stroke cases. A blockage prevents blood and oxygen from reaching the brain tissue, which then begins to die. Without treatment, the damage caused by an AIS can often be permanent.
Signs and Symptoms of AIS
The signs and symptoms of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) can vary depending on the area of the brain affected. Some common signs and symptoms include: sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body; confusion or difficulty speaking or understanding speech; vision problems in one or both eyes; trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination; and severe headache with no known cause. It's important to note that the symptoms of an AIS usually come on suddenly and often peak within minutes.
Risk Factors for AIS
There are certain risk factors that increase a person's chances of having an AIS, including: age (risk increases as you get older), high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, lack of physical activity, poor diet, family history of stroke, and atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat). Discussing risk factors and lifestyle modifications with a doctor is important for stroke prevention. Genetics also play a role, as some people are simply more predisposed than others. Race is also a factor - African Americans appear to face higher risks.
Diagnosing an AIS
If signs of an AIS are present, the first step is getting medical help immediately. A doctor will perform a physical exam and neurological tests to check things like muscle strength, vision and sensation. Imaging tests like a CT scan or MRI of the brain are also done to rule out other potential causes of symptoms and confirm if an ischemic stroke is present. The scans can reveal the location and size of any clots or bleeds in the brain. Blood tests may also be taken to check for conditions that can cause clots. Making a quick diagnosis is important so that prompt treatment can be given.
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