The process of pouring molten metals into steel mold cavities is often referred to as gravity die casting or permanent mold casting. It is implemented to manufacture parts that are highly performing and long lasting with precise dimensions. Products manufactured through this method have high impact however; it is favored due to it’s ability to create various shapes with high surface quality without further machining.The technological disadvantage in pressure die casting is that most casting designers’ plasticity is simply limited.

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Gravity Die Casting is a Process when:gravity conveying molten metal לso doing this rapid fill process is appetizing to vessel filling. This fill must be accomplished by using either sufficient pressure or centrifugal force,methods such as high vacuum applications. Alternatively, low pressure method, tends to reserve such configurations for stronger and thicker castings; which flow easily if injected on the correct direction but not expanded further radially as required by hydraulic methods.

The dies that will be used for gravity die casting are referred to as moulds and are made of Iron or Steel. Such moulds are reusable and can withstand the temperature of molten metals such as Aluminum, Magnesium and Copper alloys. Once the metal is cooled and hardened, the die is taken apart and the casting removed from it.

The Gravity Die Casting Process

Die Cleaning: After use the mold should be cleaned and covered with a lubricant, which helps facilitate the lifting of the casting after it has cooled down. This coating is responsible for cooling and makes sure some parts do not cool faster than the others.

Pouring Operation: When the metal has been heated up to the required temperature, it is poured into the die, which was previously assembled and frozen in position. Gravity plays a key role in optimizing the uptake of metal in every corner of the cavity.

Casting: The metal is allowed to cool and in turn captures the shapes of the mold. Where the solidification occurs and the cooling process is taking place, the die temperature and the mold materials can be varied to some extent to control the rate of solidification.

Removal of casting: After the metal has completely cooled down and attained a solid form, the die is released and the casting is taken out. The die can rerun after being attached and cleaned.

Finishing: After the casting has been parted or taken off, it is probably not necessary to do a great deal of post-processing; just possibly some trimming of the overstepped material or surface finish quality.

Key Advantages of Gravity Die Casting

High Quality Castings

Typical gravity die casting of these components results in production with especially close tolerances and polished surfaces. For precise nuances such as in the automotive and aircraft manufacturing industries, this feature is preferable.

Durability and Reusability

The molds used in the process of gravity die casting are rigid and can be used for hundreds and even thousands of impressions which makes this method profitable for quickly increasing quantities of production within the moderate to high range.

Strength and Integrity

Castings manufactured using the method of gravity die casting have favorable mechanical properties than that of sand casting. This situation is because of the finer grained densified structure and less porosity during the cooling process.

Minimum Waste

The method creates little wastage because the liquid metal is practical without being squandered and, surplus material can usually be reprocessed. This makes the practice of gravity die casting friendly to the earth.

Appropriateness of Complex Geometries

Gravity die casting has a unique advantage of being the most successful process for the manufacturing of these elaborate and complicated shapes which makes it an appropriate option for quite a number of industries. It may even include cores to form hollow parts or complex inner shapes.

Best For High Volume Production with Minimal Costs

Although the upfront capital particularly for die tooling is higher compared to most casting processes, the attractive lifespan of the molds makes gravity die casting very economical for mass production.

Uses of Gravity Die Casting

Various industries employ gravity die casting to manufacture quality metallic components. Some specific areas are:

• Automotive Parts: Engine and other components, including cylinder heads, pistons, and brake parts, are produced in gravity die casting as it produces tough precision parts.

• Electronics Housings: Turbin blades and structural parts are other applications in aerospace industry that are heavily reliant to gravity die casting because of the complex components that are striven for by the industry; strength, lightness and precision.

• Household Appliances: This technology is very useful in this use as the components are durable and highly detailed when made through the gravity die casting. These are washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners and so on.

• General Industrial Components: Such Strength and wear resistance that is generally required for parts such as valves, pump housings and other industrial components is often achieved by gravity die casting.

Gravity Die Casting vs. Sand Casting

Although sand casting is more adaptable and cheaper than gravity die casting for less than 1000 pieces small production run, that is designed for medium to high production runs, gravity die has a better surface finish, better dimensional properties and also better compression strength than the walls. Also, gravity die casting has temperatures controlled that decreases production cycle and energy costs. Gravity die casting is, however, less versatile to manufacturing change as the mold is not replaced and therefore the molds are reserved for medium to high production volumes.

Gravity Die Casting vs. Pressure Die Casting

In this technique of die casting pressure is applied to force molten metal into the die cavity and this results in increasing production rate and reducing cycle times. Though, gravity die casting will offer better performance with respect to mechanical performance and is ideal towards running smaller production volume on thicker wall castings. Pressure die casting is normally associated with the manufacture of small and thin parts while gravity die casting is important in the manufacturing of heavy and complicated parts.