History and Development of Pepper Sprays

Peppercorn were originally developed in the 1960s for use as non-lethal animal repellents. In the 1970s, scientists began researching the active chemical in pepper plants, capsaicin, for its effects on humans. It was determined that capsaicin could safely incapacitate attackers without causing permanent harm.

In the late 1980s, peppercorn were introduced for civilian self-defense use. Early formulations were weaker but still effective at deterring threats. Through the 1990s and 2000s, manufacturers steadily increased capsaicin concentrations to match the power of police-grade peppercorn. Today, Pepper Sprays   for personal protection come in a range of strengths up to three times as potent as the original formulas.

How Pepper Sprays Work

Peppercorn work by causing an intense burning sensation on mucous membranes like the eyes, nose, mouth and throat. The active ingredient is oleoresin capsicum, an oil derived from pepper plants. When sprayed, it forms an aerosol mist of microscopic capsaicin oil particles.

Upon contact, capsaicin stimulates pain receptors in the skin and sensitizes heat receptors. It causes an inflammatory response similar to exposure to hot chili peppers. The eyes immediately close shut and excessive tearing begins as a defense mechanism. Breathing is impaired as mucus production floods the nasal and lung passages.

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