In 2023, the global permanent magnets market reached a valuation of USD 22.18 billion and is projected to grow at an 8.7% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2024 through 2030. This growth is largely driven by the increasing demand for renewable energy sources like wind and solar power. Permanent magnets play a critical role in enhancing the efficiency of wind turbine generators, a key application area in this sector. Specifically, rare earth magnets such as Neodymium Ferrite Boron (NdFeB) are commonly used in wind turbines due to their high reliability and reduced maintenance needs.
In the United States, the demand for permanent magnets is anticipated to grow at a faster rate than that for ferrite magnets, driven by applications in high-tech sectors like robotics, wearable technology, electric vehicles (EVs), and wind energy. Following the 2008-09 economic downturn, the U.S. automotive industry has seen steady recovery, with a growing emphasis on electric vehicles. Notably, the adoption of plug-in electric vehicles has increased, spurred by innovations from prominent manufacturers including Tesla, Chevy, Nissan, Ford, Audi, and BMW. For example, Tesla began incorporating motors with neodymium magnets in 2018.
Despite this growth, the U.S. faces a supply challenge due to a limited number of domestic manufacturers for permanent motor magnets, leading to substantial imports. In 2023, the U.S. imported around 4 million pounds of automotive parts from China, a majority of which were electric motors. The ongoing trade tensions with China have raised concerns about access to essential rare earth materials. In response, the U.S. government has launched several initiatives, including funding mining projects under the Defense Production Act, aiming to bolster the domestic supply of rare earth materials and reduce dependence on imports.
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Material Segmentation Insights:
In 2023, ferrite materials dominated the permanent magnet market, capturing a revenue share of approximately 36.0%. Ferrite magnets are predominantly used in motor applications, accounting for over 65% of total ferrite magnet usage. Their application spans automotive motors (19%), appliance motors (14%), HVAC systems (12%), and various industrial and commercial motors (11%) as of 2022. Additional uses of ferrite magnets include loudspeakers, separation equipment, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), relays & switches, and lifting devices.
The Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) segment is expected to be the fastest-growing segment by volume and revenue in the forecast period. Over the last five years, NdFeB magnets have expanded into various applications, including electric and hybrid vehicle motors, wind power generators, air conditioning compressors and fans, and energy storage systems. Another important material in this market is Alnico, an alloy made from aluminum, nickel, and cobalt. Prior to the discovery of NdFeB in the 1970s, Alnico-based magnets were the strongest available. According to Magnet Applications, Inc., the average energy density (BHmax) of Alnico magnets is 7 MGOe, which is higher than ferrite magnets but significantly lower than that of NdFeB magnets.
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