New Advancements in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment Options
Causes and Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints and lining of tissues and organs. The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors such as smoking may contribute to the development of the condition. Some key symptoms experienced by people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis include stiffness and pain in joints, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity, swelling in joints, loss of function in joints over time if not treated, fatigue, and low-grade fever. The small joints of the hands, wrists, knees, ankles and feet are commonly affected.
Non-Pharmacological Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment Methods
Lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, avoiding smoking, consuming natural anti-inflammatory foods, and taking care of overall health have shown benefits for rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. Physical and occupational therapies are also recommended to improve mobility, strengthen muscles and preserve joint function. Assistive devices help in activities that put excessive strain on joints. Heat/cold therapy, joint protection techniques, and rest help provide symptom relief.
Drug Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis
The primary drugs used for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment are disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Methotrexate is the most commonly prescribed DMARD for controlling inflammation and slowing joint damage. Other DMARDs include Leflunomide, Sulfasalazine and Hydroxychloroquine. When DMARDs alone do not adequately control symptoms, biologic DMARDs that target specific proteins involved in the inflammatory process are added. Popular biologics are Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors such as Adalimumab, Infliximab, Golimumab and Certolizumab Pegol. For patients not responding to TNF inhibitors, non-TNF biologics like Abatacept, Rituximab, and Tocilizumab are options. Corticosteroids are also used to reduce inflammation. Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen help relieve joint pain, swelling and stiffness.
Personalized Treatment and Monitoring
As rheumatoid arthritis affects everyone differently, rheumatoid arthritis treatment are tailored based on a patient's symptoms, disease severity, health conditions, response to previous medications and lifestyle factors. Regular monitoring by a rheumatologist involves tracking disease activity using measures like tender/swollen joint counts and laboratory tests. Treatment adjustments are made as needed to achieve remission or low disease activity and prevent flares and joint damage progression over the long term. The rheumatoid arthritis treatment goal is now remission rather than just symptom control.
Emerging Treatments on the Horizon
Research into the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis has led to new, targeted therapies that show promise. JAK inhibitors such as Tofacitinib and Baricitinib block intracellular pathways involved in inflammatory cytokine signaling. Early trials have found these drugs to be effective both as monotherapy and in combination with other DMARDs. Biosimilars of TNF inhibitors promise to increase treatment access and reduce healthcare costs. New mechanism biologics like IL-6 inhibitors, CD20 antibodies, B-cell depletion therapy and inhibitors of macrophages/lymphocytes offer hope for patients not responding to standard therapies. Stem cell therapies are also being explored for their potential regenerative effects. With ongoing clinical research, the rheumatoid arthritis treatment landscape for rheumatoid arthritis will continue advancing towards complete disease control and remission.
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Alice Mutum is a seasoned senior content editor at Coherent Market Insights, leveraging extensive expertise gained from her previous role as a content writer. With seven years in content development, Alice masterfully employs SEO best practices and cutting-edge digital marketing strategies to craft high-ranking, impactful content. As an editor, she meticulously ensures flawless grammar and punctuation, precise data accuracy, and perfect alignment with audience needs in every research report. Alice's dedication to excellence and her strategic approach to content make her an invaluable asset in the world of market insights.
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