Hyperkalemia in Diabetic Patients: Hyperkalemia Treatment Strategies
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate in sorbitol can be administered orally every 4 to 6 hours (15 to 30 g in 30 to 70 mL of 70% sorbitol). It functions as a cation exchange resin, removing potassium via the gastrointestinal mucosa. To ensure that the resin passes through the gastrointestinal tract, it is combined with sorbitol. Patients who are unable to take Hyperkalemia Treatment medications orally due to nausea or other factors may be given similar amounts through enema. In ileus individuals, enemas are less successful at reducing potassium levels. If acute abdomen is suspected, enemas should not be utilised.
Per gramme of resin provided, approximately 1 mEq (1 mmol) of potassium is eliminated. Resin treatment is sluggish and frequently fails to significantly drop serum potassium in hypercatabolic conditions. Because sodium polystyrene sulfonate exchanges sodium for potassium, sodium excess (see Hypernatremia) may occur, especially in patients with oliguria and previous volume overload.
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