A separation method known as gas chromatography (GC) can separate extremely complex mixtures primarily on the basis of changes in boiling point/vapor pressure and polarity. It is a method used for selectively dividing the stationary phase and mobile phase inside a column, followed by the successive elution of separated components, to separate, identify, and quantify the components of a mixture of organic molecules. The separation of chemicals with the following properties, such as high volatility, thermal stability, and low molecular weights, is appropriate for this approach. An analytical method for identifying and separating chemicals from chemical mixtures is known as Gas Chromatography (GC). For the identification of trace components and organic and inorganic substances, flame ionisation detectors (FIDs) and thermal conductivity detectors (TCDs) are used. An inert gas, such as helium, argon, hydrogen, or nitrogen, is used to transport the volatile gaseous compounds (VOC) via the sample injector, flow controller, chromatography column, and detector for data collection and analysis.

Gas Chromatography is a more practical and dependable substitute for the conventional micro-extraction and electrophoresis separation methods. An analytical method known as gas chromatography is used to separate volatile solid, liquid, and gas components from a mixture. Three essential parts make up the GC system: the sample injection unit, column, and detector. The liquid sample is heated and turned into vapour by the injection device. When the liquid has evaporated, it moves into the column where the components are separated. The stationary phase is either poured into the column or liquid absorbent is poured onto the column's walls. The detector assists in identifying the component concentrations in the mixture and outputs the concentrations as an electrical signal. A data system is specialised software that aids in managing operational parameters like wash cycles, injection sequence, gas flow rate, detector wavelength, and over-temperature control while it is running.