Wine - An Enjoyable Beverage with Health Benefits
Wine is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic beverages in the world. It can be made from a variety of fruits and plants but grapes are the most common base used for wine production. Though an alcoholic drink, wine in moderation has certain health benefits as well due to the presence of antioxidants and other compounds.
History of Wine Making
Wine making can be traced back over 8000 years to early Neolithic period in Georgia, a country in the Caucasus region. However, the practice of growing grapes and making wine spread to other parts of world around 3000 BC. Some of the earliest wine producing regions include modern-day Iran, Israel, Egypt, Greece and Italy. As wine trade expanded between regions, different wine styles evolved based on local climate and grape varieties used. Advances in wine making techniques, tools and knowledge helped the industry to flourish globally over the centuries. Today wine is produced commercially in almost all grape growing regions across the world.
Types of Wine based on Grape and Method
There are many types and styles of wines produced using different grape varieties and production methods. Some of the major ones are:
Red Wines: This wine is made from dark-skinned grapes through fermentation with skin contact. Examples - Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Shiraz/Syrah.
White Wines: Made from green- or white-skinned grapes without skin contact during fermentation. Examples - Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Pinot Grigio.
Rosé Wines: Pale pink colored wine produced from red grapes with limited skin contact. Examples - White Zinfandel, Provencal Rosé.
Sparkling Wines: Effervescent wines produced through secondary fermentation in bottles. Examples - Champagne, Cava, Prosecco.
Dessert Wines: Sweet and high in alcohol, made from late harvested grapes. Examples - Port, Muscat, Sauternes.
There are some wines made using non-traditional methods as well like orange wines. The type and style depends hugely on the climate and wine production practice of the region.
Health Benefits of Moderate Wine Consumption
Regular but moderate consumption of one to two glasses of wine per day can provide certain health advantages to adults according to various studies. Some major benefits are:
- Antioxidants present in wine help reduce risks of heart diseases and promote heart health by preventing LDL cholesterol oxidation.
- Compounds like flavonoids are anti-inflammatory in nature and may protect against development of chronic diseases.
- Resveratrol, found in red wine, has been associated with lower risks of cancer development and acts as an anti-aging supplement to the body.
- Moderate wine intake as part of Mediterranean diet has shown benefits for brain health and reduced risks of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
- Red wines contain anthocyanins that aid digestion and lower risks of gastrointestinal issues like colon cancer.
- Social aspect of enjoying wine in moderation helps reduce stress levels and promotes overall well-being.
However, binge drinking or heavy consumption should be avoided as alcohol is a toxic substance in excess amounts that could damage liver, raise blood pressure and lead to other health issues overall. Moderation is the key for any health advantages.
Tips for Enjoying Wine
Here are some useful tips for enjoying wine to its best potential:
- Choose the right glassware. Specific wine glasses help concentrate aromas and flavours.
- Pay attention to ideal serving temperature. Red wines at cooler than white wines.
- Consider food pairing. Certain wine varietals pair better with specific dishes for maximized flavour.
- Learn basic tasting techniques. Swirling, sniffing, admiring colour before tasting sip helps analyze wine better.
- Visit local wineries and vineyards to learn differences first hand from producers.
- Be adventurous and try new kinds and producers. Do not limit to popular commercial brands only.
- Store opened bottles properly in cool, dark place away from light and heat for 1-3 days.
- Drink moderately and never drive under influence if enjoying wine. Stay safe.
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