Chlor-Alkali Market Report By Share, Size, Demand, Drivers, Forecast To 2026
The Chlor-Alkali Market is a significant sector within the chemical industry that involves the production of chlorine (Cl2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and hydrogen (H2) through the electrolysis of salt brine. These chemicals serve as vital raw materials for various industrial processes and find extensive use across several end-use industries. These chemicals serve as building blocks for a wide range of industrial applications, influencing industries from water treatment and pharmaceuticals to textiles and plastics. As the world continues to evolve with technological advancements and sustainability concerns, the chlor-alkali market is presented with significant opportunities and prominent segments that are shaping its growth trajectory. The global Chlor-Alkali market size is estimated to be USD 63.2 billion in 2021 and is projected to reach USD 77.4 billion by 2026, at a CAGR of 4.1% between 2021 and 2026.
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Industrial Growth and End-Use Industries:
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Chemical Industry: The chlor-alkali products, chlorine, and sodium hydroxide are fundamental in the manufacturing of a wide range of chemicals including, but not limited to, solvents, bleach, PVC, chlorinated intermediates, and polymers. These chemicals are essential in the production of plastics, detergents, pharmaceuticals, and various other chemical compounds.
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Water Treatment: Chlorine is widely used for water disinfection in municipal water treatment plants, swimming pools, and wastewater treatment facilities. Sodium hydroxide is also utilized in water treatment processes for pH adjustment and neutralization.
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Paper and Pulp Industry: Chlorine is a crucial component in the bleaching process of paper and pulp production. It is used to remove lignin and other impurities from wood pulp, resulting in bright and white paper products.
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Textile Industry: Sodium hydroxide is used in the textile industry for fabric treatment and dyeing processes. Additionally, chlorine is employed in the production of textile fibers such as polyester.
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Alumina Production: Chlorine is utilized in the production of alumina from bauxite ore, an essential process in the aluminum smelting industry.
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Food Processing: Chlorine is employed as a disinfectant in food processing facilities to sanitize equipment and surfaces, ensuring food safety and hygiene.
Leading Segments in the Chlor-Alkali Market:
- Caustic Soda Segment: Caustic soda, or sodium hydroxide, is a key product in the chlor-alkali industry. It finds applications in the production of various chemicals, textiles, and pulp and paper. Additionally, it is extensively used in alumina refining for aluminum production. The consistently high demand for caustic soda positions it as a leading segment in the market.
- Chlorine Segment: Chlorine is a versatile chemical with applications spanning from PVC manufacturing to pharmaceuticals. Its role in water treatment and disinfection is particularly noteworthy. The need for safe water sources and sanitation systems ensures the sustained demand for chlorine, making it another vital segment within the chlor-alkali market.
- Electrolysis Technology Segment: Electrolysis technology lies at the heart of the chlor-alkali process. Innovations in electrolysis, such as membrane cell technology and mercury-free processes, have not only improved efficiency but also addressed environmental concerns associated with certain traditional methods. This segment is pivotal for driving efficiency gains in the chlor-alkali industry.
- Chemical Manufacturing Segment: Chlorine and caustic soda are fundamental components for various chemical manufacturing processes. As industries continue to grow, the demand for these chemicals as raw materials remains high. This segment’s growth is intertwined with the overall growth of chemical manufacturing.
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Chlor-Alkali Market Key Players:
The leading players in the Chlor-Alkali market are Olin Corporation(US), Westlake Chemical Corporation (US), Tata Chemicals Limited (India), Occidental Petroleum Corporation (US), Formosa Plastics Corporation (Taiwan), Solvay SA (Belgium), Tosoh Corporation (Japan), Hanwha Solutions Corporation (South Korea), Nirma Limited (India), AGC, Inc. (Japan), Dow Inc. (US), Xinjiang Zhongtai Chemical Co. Ltd. (China), INOVYN (UK), Ciner Resources Corporation (US), Wanhua-Borsodchem (Hungary), and others.
Olin Corporation manufactures chemicals and ammunition. Its business is divided into three segments, Chlor Alkali Products and Vinyls, Epoxy (epoxy materials and precursors), and Winchester (arms and ammunition). Its Chlor Alkali Products include chlorine and caustic soda, methyl chloride, methylene chloride, ethylene dichloride & vinyl chloride monomer, chloroform, hydrochloric acid, simultaneously with 1 ton perchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, bleach products, hydrogen, and potassium hydroxide. The Chlor Alkali and Epoxy businesses were added to the company as a spin-off from The Dow Chemical Company in 2015. The company produces chlorine, caustic soda, and hydrogen through the electrolysis of salt, also known as Electrochemical Unit (ECU). These products are produced simultaneously in the proportion of 1 ton of chlorine to 1.1 tons of caustic soda and 0.03 tons of hydrogen. The company offers these chlor-alkali products for polyvinylchloride (PVC), water treatment, alumina, pulp & paper, detergents & soaps, and other applications. It has seven production facilities for chlorine and caustic soda in the US and Canada. It has a strong presence in North America and also offers its products across Europe, the Asia Pacific, and Latin America.
By application, Alumina account for the largest share for Caustic soda in the Chlor-Alkali market
Alumina occurs as aluminum oxide and is refined to produce aluminum. Due to the increasing demand for aluminum across the globe, especially from China, the demand for alumina is increasing steadily. Generally, caustic soda is used for the production of alumina. Thus, the steady growth of the market is expected to, in turn, support the growth of the chlor-alkali market. APAC dominates the market, followed by North America and Europe. The demand for caustic soda is projected to be driven by the shifting base of industrial production to the APAC, the increasing population, and the rising demand for infrastructure.
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By application, EDC/PVC accounts for the largest share of Chlorine in the Chlor-Alkali market
PVC is utilized in the construction, electronics, healthcare, automotive, packaging, and other end-use industries. Its low cost and desirable physical & mechanical properties make it a suitable material was various applications. In 2019, the demand for PVC in Europe was approximately five million tons, which accounted for 10% of the overall production of plastic in Europe. Chlorine is utilized in production of EDC/PVC and growth in end-use industries for EDC/PVC expects to drive the demand for chlorine in Chlor-alkali market.
By application, Glass account for the largest share for Soda Ash in the Chlor-Alkali market
Soda ash is an essential component in the manufacture of glass. Glass is produced by melting silica soda ash (approximately 15% of the total weight of the glass) and calcium compounds along with coloring agents and metallic oxides. Glass products are widely used in the construction, automotive, packaging, household, laboratory, and other industrial applications. APAC is projected to drive the demand for soda ash in the glass application due to the high demand from emerging economies where the construction and automotive sectors are growing.
APAC accounted for the largest share in the global Chlor-Alkali market
APAC accounted for the largest share of the Chlor-Alkali market in 2020, followed by Europe and North America. APAC recorded the largest demand for chlor-alkali in the past few years due to the growing investments in developing countries and manufacturing capacity additions across end-use industries, especially water treatment, and chemical processing. Increasing investments in infrastructure development projects, growing urbanization, rapid industrialization, improving the standard of living, and thriving automotive sector, as well as high economic growth, are the key factors for the regions overall growth.
In conclusion, the chlor-alkali market is poised for growth as it aligns with sustainability initiatives, benefits from electrochemical advancements, and serves diverse industries. The caustic soda and chlorine segments, along with electrolysis technology and chemical manufacturing, emerge as leaders, driving the industry’s success. As the world seeks to balance industrial needs with environmental responsibility, the chlor-alkali market’s major opportunities and leading segments play a pivotal role in shaping its future.
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Recent Developments
- In July 2021, Olin Corporation entered into an agreement with ASHTA Chemicals, Inc. (US) to buy and sell chlorine which is produced at ASHTA's Ohio facility in the US.
- In January 2021, Formosa Plastic Corporation announced the expansion of production facilities based in the US, Taiwan, and China.
- In December 2019, Tata Chemicals acquired 25% partnership interest in Tata Chemicals (Soda Ash) Partners Holdings from The Andover Group, Inc., a subsidiary of Owens-Illinois Inc. for USD 195 million. Through this, the company gained full ownership of Tata Chemicals (Soda Ash).
- In November 2018, Tata Chemicals announced an investment worth USD 350 million for the de-bottlenecking of the Mithapur facility which is expected to help increase the production capacity by 150 KT soda ash and 400 KT salt and help reduce the carbon footprint.
- In September 2018, AGC, Inc. planned to expand its chlor-alkali business in Thailand by increasing production capacity.
- In September 2018, AGC, Inc. planned to expand the PVC capacity for P.T. Asahimas Chemical (Indonesia), one of its subsidiaries to 750,000 tons.
- In February 2018, Westlake Chemical Corporation planned to expand the production capacities of chlor-alkali, PVC, and VCM at its facility in Germany and Louisiana, US.
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