Global Advancements In Neuroprosthetics: Introduction
Neuroprosthetics, also known as brain-computer interfaces, have seen tremendous advancement in recent years with the goal of restoring lost functions in patients suffering from various neurological disorders or injuries. As the technology continues to evolve, it holds great promise to vastly improve quality of life for millions worldwide.
The Rise of Implantable Devices
Implanting devices directly into the brain or nervous system to bypass damage and restore missing functions has long been a dream of neuroscientists. In the past decade, we have seen this vision start to become a reality through increased research and clinical trials on implantable neuroprosthetics.
In the United States, the FDA has approved clinical trials of brain implants that can help paralyzed patients operate computers or robotic arms just by thinking. The devices work by decoding neural signals from the motor cortex and translating thoughts of movement into commands. Several patients have already seen life-changing results from these implants.
Across Europe, the Advanced Brain Monitoring company based in Switzerland has developed a Global Neuroprosthetics Market that can interpret signals from the auditory cortex to help deaf patients hear sounds again. Their initial clinical trials have shown promising results at restoring speech perception. Meanwhile, scientists at the University of Grenoble in France have created retinal implants that can partially restore vision to blind patients.
Advances in Wireless Technology
One of the major limitations of early neuroprosthetics was the need for percutaneous connectors, which increased risk of infection or rejection of the implant. However, advances in wireless technology have helped address this issue and make implants safer and more practical.
Researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have developed a brain implant the size of a coffee bean that can transmit neural signals wirelessly through the skin, eliminating the need for connectors. Initial testing in animal models showed no signs of rejection or infection even after a year of chronic use. This wireless technology is now being tested in human clinical trials.
Similarly, a team at the University of Melbourne in Australia has created a wireless deep brain stimulation device to treat Parkinson's disease. Traditional DBS devices require holes be drilled in the skull to accommodate wires, but this new implant transmits its signals through intact scalp and skin. Preliminary studies suggest it is as effective as traditional implants with less risk of complications.
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