Semen Analysis: The first and most basic test done to check male partner's sperm count, motility, morphology and other parameters. Abnormal results may require further investigation and treatment.

Ovulation Prediction with Ultrasound: Considered a more accurate method than home kits, an ultrasound is used around ovulation to detect mature follicles and time intercourse appropriately. Repeated tests can confirm ovulation issues.

Hormone Tests: Blood tests are done on specific cycle days to check levels of key reproductive hormones like Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Estradiol (E2), Progesterone and Testosterone that impact ovulation, the menstrual cycle and fertility potential.

Hysterosalpingography (HSG): Also known as uterine cavity x-ray, this test uses radiopaque dye and x-ray imaging to examine the shape of the uterus and fallopian tube openings for any blockages. May unblock tubes in some cases too.

Laparoscopy: A surgical procedure where a small incision is made below the belly button to insert a thin tube with a camera. Allows the doctor to directly visualize and assess the ovaries, fallopian tubes and other pelvic organs for endometriosis, adhesions or other problems.

Other Advanced Fertility Testing
For couples who have been trying to conceive without success for over a year, additional specialized tests may be ordered:

Immunological Testing: Fertility Test To check for abnormal antibodies in the blood or reproductive tissues that can reduce fertility by attacking sperm or the embryo.

DNA Fragmentation Testing: Assesses the quality and fragmentation of sperm DNA which impacts ability to fertilize the egg. Higher fragmentation is linked to recurrent pregnancy loss.

Endometrial Biopsy: A small sample of the uterine lining is collected and examined under a microscope to determine receptiveness and rule out abnormalities.

Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) Testing: Measures levels of AMH hormone produced by small follicles in the ovaries. Higher levels indicate greater ovarian reserve and predictive of fertility potential. Levels decline with age.

Genetic Testing: Rarely conducted in fertile couples. Checks for genetic abnormalities, translocations or conditions in one or both partners that may negatively impact successful fertilization, implantation or pregnancy outcomes.

Putting It All Together
No single fertility test provides a complete picture. Doctors consider multiple factors like age, medical history, lifestyle habits, test results and physical examination findings to determine the underlying causes of infertility.

Natural options may be recommended initially like ovulation induction with oral medications. But assisted reproductive techniques (ART) like IUI, IVF etc. might be needed depending on test results.

With accurate information from fertility screening, both doctor and patient are better equipped to form an individualized conception plan and maximize chances of achieving a healthy pregnancy. Regular follow up tests also help gauge treatment effectiveness over time.

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