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Fibromyalgia Treatment: Managing the Complex Chronic Pain Condition
Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Fibromyalgia Pain
Exercise is one of the cornerstones of fibromyalgia treatment. While exercise may seem counterintuitive given the pain and fatigue associated with fibromyalgia, studies have found it to be very beneficial. Gentle low-impact exercises like walking, swimming, tai chi and water aerobics can help improve mobility and sleep quality. Starting slowly and gradually increasing duration and intensity is important to allow the body to adapt without overexertion. Strength training exercises using one’s own body weight combined with stretches can help build muscle tone and alleviate pain.
Cognitive behavioral therapy or CBT techniques teach patients ways to challenge negative thought patterns and manage stress levels. Since stress is a major Fibromyalgia Treatment trigger, reducing stress through relaxation techniques, mindfulness meditation and deep breathing can ease pain levels. Yoga, tai chi and other mind-body activities combine gentle movement with breathwork to lower stress hormones. Getting adequate sleep, which may mean daytime naps, is also key. Maintaining a consistent sleep-wake cycle through good sleep hygiene helps regulate the body’s circadian rhythm.
Pharmacological Fibromyalgia Treatment Medications
Antidepressants are commonly prescribed for fibromyalgia even in people without depression or anxiety disorders. Drugs from two classes in particular, SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) and tricyclic antidepressants, are beneficial. Duloxetine (Cymbalta) and milnacipran (Savella) are SNRI drugs approved by the FDA specifically for fibromyalgia. Low-dose tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptyline can provide relief for many. Side effects may include nausea, headache, dry mouth andconstipation.
Anti-seizure medications are also used off-label to treat fibromyalgia as they target sodium and calcium ion channels in the brain pain pathways. Types such as pregabalin (Lyrica), gabapentin (Neurontin) and carbamazepine may relieve widespread pain and improve mood and sleep quality. However, side effects like dizziness, drowsiness and weight gain are common.
For acute flare-ups of severe pain, short-term prescription-strength NSAIDs and opioids may temporarily relieve symptoms while other long-term treatment methods take effect over weeks. However, opioids should generally not be used for long-term fibromyalgia relief due to risks of dependence and side effects. Muscle relaxants may help treat muscular aches and pains associated with fibromyalgia.
Integrative Therapies for Treating Fibromyalgia
Some alternative or complementary approaches can provide additional fibromyalgia symptom relief and management when used along with conventional treatment. Massage therapy eases tight, tender muscles and improves circulation to reduce pain levels. Acupuncture, which uses thin needles inserted into specific points on the body, has been shown effective through its impact on pain modulation in the nervous system. Chiropractic care addresses alignment and balance of the musculoskeletal system.
Herbal supplements containing herbs like turmeric, boswellia and ginger extracts boast anti-inflammatory properties. Other supplements like magnesium, malic acid and CoQ10 may address underlying deficiencies linked to fibromyalgia. Essential oils applied topically or inhaled through aromatherapy can aid relaxation through their compounds. Dietary changes such as avoiding inflammatory foods and following an anti-inflammatory diet have been demonstrated to mildly reduce symptoms over time with consistency.
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