Methyl Myristate: An Important Fatty Acid Derivative
Introduction
Methyl myristate is an ester derived from myristic acid. Myristic acid itself is a common saturated fatty acid that has various important applications. Methyl myristate is made by reacting myristic acid with methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Due to its properties, methyl myristate finds use as a fragrance ingredient as well as in industrial applications. In this article, we will discuss the properties and uses of this fatty acid derivative.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Methyl Myristate is a white, waxy solid with a faint characteristic odor. Its chemical formula is C15H30O2 and molecular weight is 242.40 g/mol. It has a melting point of around 18-20°C which means it exists as a liquid at room temperature. Chemically, methyl myristate is an ester as it is produced by the condensation reaction of the carboxyl group of myristic acid with the hydroxyl group of methanol. This gives itsurface activity and solubility properties intermediate between fatty acids and alcohols. It is soluble in organic solvents but not very soluble in water.
Fragrance Uses
The nutty, creamy odor of methyl myristate makes it useful as a fragrance ingredient in perfumes, soaps, lotions and other cosmetic products. It provides roasted and creamy undertones to fragrances. It is used as a replacement or extender for more expensive ingredients like ambergris. Methyl myristate blends well with numerous floral, woody and citrus notes. Only small amounts are required as it has very good odor strength. The material is approved by IFRA (International Fragrance Association) for use at concentration levels up to 5%.
Industrial Applications
Due to its surface activity properties, methyl myristate finds broad application as an emulsifier, emollient and thickening agent in industrial products. It is used in formulations of lubricating oils, leather conditioners, staticide agents, textile finishes, coatings and pesticides. The low viscosity and wetting ability of methyl myristate makes it suitable for use as a slip and softening agent in textiles. It also acts as a dispersing agent and carries other materials into solution. Methyl myristate is biodegradable and poses minimal risk to the environment.
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