Glucose biosensors have emerged as a promising medical technology for continuous glucose monitoring in diabetes management. Continuous glucose monitoring helps improve glycemic control and prevent hypo- and hyperglycemic events compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose through finger pricks. Technological advancements are enabling next-generation glucose biosensors with enhanced accuracy, usability, and affordability.

Principle and Components of a Glucose Biosensors Industry

A Global Glucose Biosensors typically consists of three key components - a biological recognition element, a transducer, and a signal processor. Glucose oxidase or glucose dehydrogenase are the most commonly used biological recognition elements for selective detection of glucose. They catalyze the oxidation of glucose into gluconolactone or gluconate. The transducer converts the chemical signal generated during this reaction into a measurable electrical signal like current or potential. Electrochemical transducers using amperometry, potentiometry or impedimetry are widely employed. The signal processor then quantitatively analyzes the electrical signal to display blood glucose levels.

Miniaturized Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems

Manufacturers are continuously striving to miniaturize glucose biosensor components for development of minimally invasive continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems. Current FDA-approved CGM systems like Dexcom G6 and Abbott Freestyle Libre use subcutaneous electrochemical sensors only slightly thicker than a strand of hair. These flexible sensors can be comfortably worn on the arm or abdomen for up to 14 days to continuously track interstitial fluid glucose levels. Data is wirelessly transmitted to a receiver or mobile device every 5 minutes. Advancements in microfabrication and printed electronics are enabling development of even smaller skin-wearable or minimally invasive biosensors.

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