Cupric chloride (CuCl2) is an inorganic compound with a wide range of industrial and laboratory uses. As the chloride salt of copper(II), it demonstrates several unique chemical and physical properties derived from its copper and halide components. This article will explore the defining characteristics, production methods, and major applications of it.

Chemical and Physical Properties

Crystallizing with a blue color, it exists as deep blue crystalline plates or transparent crystalline prisms at standard temperature and pressure. It has a melting point of 397°C and decomposes before reaching its boiling point of 872°C. It is highly soluble in water, with 100 grams dissolving in 7.5 mL at 20°C. It is also soluble in alcohol, chloroform, and acetone. An intense Lewis acid, it readily forms coordination complexes with ligands due to the empty d-orbitals of its copper(II) center. It readily oxidizes due to copper existing in its more stable +2 oxidation state.

Production
On an industrial scale, Cupric chloride is produced through the direct reaction of copper metal with chlorine gas. This single displacement reaction occurs according to the balanced equation:

Cu + Cl2 → CuCl2

In the laboratory, there are a few common methods of synthesis. Copper(II) oxide or copper carbonate can be reacted with concentrated hydrochloric acid in a single displacement reaction. Alternatively, copper metal filings or wire can be dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid, producing hydrogen gas as a by-product. Recrystallization from water or alcohol can further purify the product.

Uses in Industry
Due to its mild oxidizing properties and ability to form stable complexes, it finds widespread application in various industrial processes. It is commonly used as a catalyst or catalyst precursor for organic syntheses and fuel additive chemistry. Copper plating of circuit boards utilizes it solutions, which deposit a thin copper layer through electrolysis. Textile and paper industries rely on it for bleaching and disinfecting due to its antimicrobial effects. It also acts as a intermediate in the production of other copper compounds like copper sulfate.

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