Gas Scrubbers: Effective Solutions for Industrial Air Pollution Control
Wet Scrubbers
Wet scrubbers are the most common type used in industrial applications. They use a scrubbing liquid like water to capture pollutants. The flue gases are passed through a spray or mist of liquid in a reaction tower or chamber. Particulate matter and gases are absorbed, dissolved, or neutralized in the liquid. Some common wet scrubber designs include spray towers, venturi scrubbers, and packed-bed scrubbers. Spray towers utilize nozzles or perforated pans to spray the liquid across the path of flue gases. Venturi scrubbers use the venture effect to inject the liquid into the gas stream. Packed-bed scrubbers pass the gases through a packed bed that is wetted from the top with recirculating liquid.
Dry Scrubbers
Dry scrubbers do not use a liquid spray or mist to remove pollutants. Scrubber System Instead, they inject a dry reagent like lime, hydrated lime, sodium bicarbonate, or activated carbon directly into the flue gases. The pollutants then react with or adsorb onto the reagent particles. Some dry scrubber technologies are spray dryer absorbers, dry sorbent injection systems, and fabric filters. Spray dryer absorbers spray an alkaline slurry to absorb acid gases followed by a fabric filter to collect the reaction products. Dry sorbent injection systems directly inject dry reagents upstream of an existing particulate control device like an electrostatic precipitator.
Hybrid Scrubbers
Hybrid scrubbers combine aspects of wet and dry scrubbing to maximize pollutant removal efficiencies. They are especially suited for highly toxic or odorous gases that are not as effectively treated with a single method. One hybrid type is the venturi wet scrubber with dry sorbent injection. It injects a dry reagent ahead of the wet venturi section, capitalizing on the turbulence and contact time achieved in the wet treatment process. Other hybrid designs include jet bubbling reactors, rotating packed beds, and induced flow reactors. These advanced systems achieve multistage treatment through ingenious flow patterns and contacting arrangements.
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