What is Lentisk?

Lentisk is a resin that is derived from the mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus). The mastic tree is a small evergreen shrub that is mainly found growing on the Greek island of Chios in the Aegean Sea. Lentisk is extracted from the bark of the tree by making incisions into the trunk and branches from which the gum sap oozes out and hardens upon contact with air.

Composition and Properties of Lentisk

When analyzed, lentisk is comprised primarily of terpenoids and phenol derivatives. The three main active compounds present are α-acoradiene, α-acoradiene epoxide, and isoalphamasticadienal. Lentisk has antiseptic properties due to its high concentration of tirucallol and isocomene compounds which have antibacterial and antifungal activities. It also contains antioxidants such as flavonoids that can prevent oxidation and rancidity. Mastic Gum is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform and volatile or fixed oils. It has a glass transition temperature of 55°C above which it becomes soft and pliable.

Traditional Uses of Mastic Gum

Lentisk has been traditionally used by Mediterranean cultures for centuries. Some key traditional uses of lentisk include:

- Chewing gum: Lentisk is often chewed similar to chewing gum due to its elastic and adhesive properties. It has a pleasant slightly resinous and woody flavor. Chewing lentisk helps freshen breath and has various oral health benefits.

- Flavoring agent: Lentisk has been used as a natural flavoring agent particularly in foods and beverages throughout the Mediterranean. It lends distinctive savory and pine-like flavors to dishes, sweets, and alcoholic drinks.

- Medicine and treatments: In traditional medicine, lentisk was used topically on wounds to promote healing and prevent infections. Internally, it was used as an antiseptic and to treat ulcers, indigestion, and diarrhea.

-Religious uses: Mastic resin was used in Greek Orthodox church incense and icons as it was believed to have protective properties and represent tears. It is still used today in religious ceremonies.

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