Orthopedic Surgical Navigation Systems: Advancements in Ortho Surgical Navigation Systems
Types of Systems
There are two main types of orthopedic surgical navigation systems - optical systems and electromagnetic systems. Optical systems use cameras to track reflective markers attached to surgical tools and the patient's anatomy. Electromagnetic systems track instruments and anatomy wirelessly using magnetic fields. Both offer augmented imaging intraoperatively to help guide surgery. Optical systems are commonly used for hip, knee and spine procedures while electromagnetic systems see more use in trauma and upper extremity cases. Hybrid navigation platforms also combine optical and electromagnetic technologies.
Navigation for Total Joint Arthroplasty
Total hip and knee replacement surgeries are among the most common Orthopedic Surgical Navigation Systems procedures performed today. Precise component alignment and placement is crucial for optimal function and longevity of implants. Navigation aids surgeons in accurately resecting bone, defining implant sizes/positions and checking alignment intra- and post-operatively. Studies show navigated total joint replacements result in improved implant positioning, reduced outliers and lower revision rates compared to conventional surgeries. The technology gives surgeons real-time feedback to help maximize outcomes for patients undergoing hip or knee replacements.
Spine Surgery Applications
Orthopedic navigation enables minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques for spine procedures. MIS approaches cause less soft tissue disruption and blood loss compared to open surgeries. Navigated screws, rods and interbody implants help neurosurgeons and orthopedic spine surgeons precisely target locations under direct vision using small incisions. This reduces risks of neurological or vascular injury. Pedicle screw placement navigation helps ensure screws remain inside bone and avoid breaching into spinal canals which could damage nerves or spinal cords. Navigated discectomies and fusions also aid in targeted, less invasive treatment of herniated discs and spinal conditions.
Upper Extremity Procedures
The hand, wrist, arm and shoulder contain many small, delicate structures. Navigated fracture reduction and fixation allows accurate restoration of joint surfaces, implant placement and assessment of rotation/alignment for upper limb injuries. Shoulder hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder replacements benefit from real-time feedback on glenoid and humeral positioning. Navigated tendon repairs ensure sutures or anchors are precisely targeted to reattach tendons like rotator cuffs. All minimize risks of iatrogenic injuries compared to conventional techniques depending solely on fluoroscopy or direct visualization alone.
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