Understanding Blood Glucose Monitoring: Types and Applications
What is Blood Glucose?
Blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is the main sugar found in the blood and the body's primary source of energy. It comes from digesting carbohydrates and is the primary way that the body's cells receive energy. Glucose is carried to the cells through the bloodstream, and levels of blood glucose are normally closely regulated by the hormones insulin and glucagon.
Why Blood Glucose Monitoring?
For people with diabetes, it is especially important to regularly monitor Blood Glucose Monitoring. Diabetes is a chronic condition where the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or can't properly use the insulin it produces. Insulin is needed to allow glucose to enter the body's cells and be used for energy. If blood glucose levels get too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia), it can lead to serious health problems. Monitoring blood glucose helps people with diabetes manage their condition through diet, exercise, and medication if needed. It allows them to see how different foods, activities, and treatments affect their levels and make adjustments.
Types of Glucose Monitors
The main types of devices used for blood glucose monitoring are:
- Fingerstick Devices - These involve pricking the side of a finger to obtain a small blood sample that is placed on a test strip inserted into the device. Readings are obtained in 5 seconds or less. Most common type.
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Systems - These track glucose levels every few minutes using a tiny sensor inserted under the skin. Some can alert the user when levels go too high or low. Trend results over time.
- Urine Test Strips - Measure glucose levels in urine, but only after levels have been high for a period of time. Not as accurate as blood tests. Mainly used for gestational diabetes now.
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