The History of Cosmetics

Since ancient times, humans have used cosmetics to enhance their appearance. Early beauty products were quite basic, made from natural ingredients like plants, herbs, beeswax and minerals. Makeup was worn mostly by wealthy women and served religious or ceremonial purposes more than beautification. As civilizations developed, so too did beauty products formulation and use.

Egyptian Cosmetics

The Cosmetics Egyptians are widely considered the pioneers of modern beauty products. Makeup played an important role in Egyptian culture and religion from around 3200 BC. Wealthy Egyptians would adorn themselves with luxurious and colorful beauty products made from minerals like copper, lead, alloys and animal fats. Kohl eye liner made from galena (lead sulfide) was popular to line the eyes, which was believed to protect them from infection and disease. Lipstick was crafted from red ochre and cinnamon. Face paints often contained magnesium carbonate or calcium carbonate to whiten the skin. Egyptian beauty products set the standard for much of antiquity.

Greek and Roman Cosmetics

Beauty products became even more elaborate and popular in ancient Greece and Rome between 800 BC to 500 AD. Greek women would powder their faces white using lead carbonate or chalk to achieve paleness, a standard of beauty at the time. Rouge made from red ochre or fungi was applied to cheeks and lips for color. Perfumes were commonly made from plant essences, often rose-based. Under the Roman Empire, beauty product use expanded greatly across social classes. Lipstick began being made from crushed insects and mulberries for vibrant reds and pinks. Complexion powders contained toxic whites like ceruse (lead acetate) and calcium oxide, risking long-term health effects.

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