Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes compressed at the wrist. This compression leads to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness in the hand and fingers. Orthopedic doctors play a crucial role in diagnosing, treating, and managing this condition. Here’s an overview of how orthopedic doctors address Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

1. Understanding Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway located on the palm side of your wrist. It is surrounded by bones and ligaments, and it houses the median nerve along with tendons that control finger movements. When this tunnel becomes narrowed or when the tissues around the tendons swell, the median nerve gets compressed, resulting in the symptoms of CTS.

Common risk factors for CTS include repetitive hand movements (such as typing, assembly line work, or using vibrating hand tools), pregnancy, obesity, diabetes, and certain wrist fractures or injuries.

2. Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

An orthopedic doctor will first conduct a detailed physical exam to assess the symptoms and their severity. They may ask about the patient's medical history, lifestyle, and occupation to understand potential causes. Some diagnostic tests used to confirm the presence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome include:

  • Tinel’s Test: A tapping over the median nerve at the wrist to check for tingling or a sensation in the fingers.
  • Phalen’s Maneuver: Involves bending the wrist downward for 30 to 60 seconds to trigger symptoms.
  • Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS): Measures the electrical impulses of the nerves to assess how well the median nerve is functioning.
  • Ultrasound or MRI: In some cases, imaging tests may be used to check for structural abnormalities in the wrist.

3. Non-Surgical Treatments

In the early stages or for mild cases of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, orthopedic doctors often recommend conservative treatments that do not require surgery. These may include:

  • Wrist Splints: Wearing a splint, especially at night, helps keep the wrist in a neutral position and prevents further compression of the median nerve.
  • Anti-Inflammatory Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or naproxen can reduce swelling and pain associated with CTS.
  • Physical Therapy: Specific exercises and stretches can help relieve pressure on the median nerve, improve wrist mobility, and strengthen surrounding muscles.
  • Corticosteroid Injections: If symptoms are severe, an orthopedic doctor may administer a steroid injection directly into the carpal tunnel to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.

4. Surgical Treatments

When conservative treatments fail to provide relief, or if the symptoms worsen over time, surgery may be considered. The goal of surgery is to relieve the pressure on the median nerve by cutting the ligament that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel.

There are two main types of surgical procedures used to treat Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:

  • Open Carpal Tunnel Release: The surgeon makes an incision in the wrist and cuts the transverse carpal ligament to create more space for the median nerve.
  • Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release: This minimally invasive procedure uses small incisions and a tiny camera (endoscope) to guide the surgery, making it a less invasive option with a quicker recovery time.

Both procedures are highly effective in relieving the symptoms of CTS. However, surgery is typically only recommended after other treatment options have been exhausted, or if there is significant nerve damage.

5. Post-Surgery Rehabilitation

After surgery, rehabilitation is essential to help patients regain strength, mobility, and functionality in the wrist and hand. An orthopedic doctor may recommend physical therapy to improve range of motion, prevent stiffness, and enhance grip strength. Recovery times vary, but many people experience significant improvement within a few weeks to months after surgery.

6. Prevention of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

While not all cases of CTS can be prevented, there are several steps that can be taken to reduce the risk:

  • Ergonomics: Ensure that your workspace is set up to promote proper wrist alignment. Adjust the height of your chair, desk, and keyboard to prevent strain.
  • Take Frequent Breaks: If your work involves repetitive hand movements, take breaks every 20 to 30 minutes to stretch and relax your wrists.
  • Strengthen the Hands and Wrists: Regular exercises to strengthen the muscles in the forearms, hands, and wrists can help prevent the development of CTS.
  • Maintain a Healthy Weight: Being overweight increases the risk of CTS, so maintaining a healthy weight can reduce pressure on the wrists.

Conclusion

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome can significantly impact daily life, but orthopedic doctors have a range of treatments and strategies to help manage and alleviate the symptoms. From conservative methods such as splints and medications to more advanced options like physical therapy and surgery, orthopedic care is tailored to meet the needs of each individual. If you’re experiencing symptoms of CTS, consulting an orthopedic specialist early on can help prevent further nerve damage and improve your quality of life.