PFAS in Cosmetics: Uses, Risks, and Regulatory Impact

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of over 10,000 synthetic chemicals known for their resistance to water, oil, and heat. Their unique properties come from strong carbon–fluorine bonds, which also make them highly persistent in the environment—earning them the term “forever chemicals.”

Why PFAS Are Used in Cosmetics

In the cosmetics industry, PFAS are valued for enhancing product performance. They help formulations become:

• Long-lasting
• Smooth and easily spreadable
• Resistant to smudging, oil, and moisture

According to the U.S. FDA’s MoCRA-mandated report, PFAS are most commonly found in:

• Eye shadows
• Eyeliners
• Mascaras
• Foundations
• Face powders
• Leave-on facial products

These substances improve texture, conditioning, and wear time—making them particularly useful in high-performance cosmetic products.

Common PFAS used in cosmetics include PTFE and other fluorinated compounds that create silky finishes or form protective films on the skin. FDA data shows that 51 intentionally added PFAS are used across 1,744 cosmetic formulations, representing approximately 0.41% (as of August 2024) of all registered cosmetic products—indicating targeted use rather than widespread application.

Why PFAS Raise Concerns

Despite their benefits, PFAS are under increasing scrutiny due to:

• Environmental persistence
• Bioaccumulation potential
• Widespread presence in water, soil, and ecosystems

Scientific studies have linked certain PFAS to potential health risks, including:

• Immune system effects
• Endocrine disruption
• Increased cancer risk

However, significant data gaps remain. The FDA notes that toxicological data is incomplete for 76% of commonly used cosmetic PFAS, highlighting uncertainty and the likelihood of future regulatory action. Currently, only a small number of PFAS are classified as having “low safety concern” under intended cosmetic use conditions.

Regulatory Landscape and Industry Implications

Regulatory pressure on PFAS is rapidly increasing:

• Several U.S. states have introduced bans or reporting requirements for intentionally added PFAS
• Global regulators are evaluating broader restrictions across industries
• Demand for ingredient transparency is growing

For cosmetic companies, this means:

• Reassessing formulations for PFAS content
• Strengthening supplier transparency and traceability
• Preparing for evolving compliance obligations

Why This Matters for Cosmetic Brands

Understanding PFAS—what they are, how they function, and their risks—is essential for navigating today’s evolving regulatory landscape.

As “clean beauty” expectations rise and regulations tighten, brands must take proactive steps to:

• Reformulate products where necessary
• Ensure regulatory compliance
• Communicate risks effectively
• Protect brand reputation

Conclusion

PFAS provide clear performance benefits in cosmetics, but their persistence and potential health impacts are driving increased regulatory scrutiny.

Forward-thinking organizations are already taking action to reduce PFAS reliance, address data gaps, and align with emerging global standards—ensuring long-term compliance and consumer trust.

How Freyr Can Support

Freyr offers end-to-end regulatory support to help cosmetic companies stay ahead, including:

• PFAS assessments and risk evaluation
• Reformulation strategies
• MoCRA compliance support
• U.S. state-level and global regulatory reporting

Partner with Freyr to navigate PFAS regulations confidently and lead in the evolving clean beauty landscape.