Automated analyzers are laboratory instruments that can perform chemical and biochemical analyses faster and more accurately than manual methods. They work by automatically pipetting patient sample and reagent mixtures into reaction cuvettes or cartridges where the analytes in the sample are measured.

History and Development

The first Automated Analyzers were introduced in the late 1950s and early 1960s. This helped shift clinical chemistry testing from qualitative tests to quantitative measurements. Early instruments could only perform a few tests at a time but advances in micro processing allowed for simultaneous multi-channel tests. Improvements in optical detection further increased the types of analytes that could be measured. By the 1970s, discrete and continuous flow analyzers were widely used. Today's high throughput centralized analyzers can perform hundreds of tests per hour.

How Automated Analyzers Work

Modern analyzers follow a standard process to conduct tests. Patient samples are placed in racks and loaded onto the instrument. Barcode or other identification is read to track each sample. The analyzer then pipettes exact volumes of sample and reagents into reaction cuvettes or cartridges using precision pumps and probes. Reagents cause any analytes present in the sample to react, which produces a measurable signal change. This is detected by methods like photometry, fluorometry, potentiometry etc. Results are calculated using stored calibration curves and reported to connected Laboratory Information Systems. Quality controls ensure accuracy.

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