When homeowners first hear the term ADU, their next question is almost always, "what does ADU stand for?" While the answer—Accessory Dwelling Unit—is simple, the reality is far more diverse and exciting. An ADU isn't a single, one-size-fits-all structure. It's a versatile category of housing that can be adapted to fit a wide variety of properties, budgets, and needs. From converting an existing space to building a brand-new backyard cottage, understanding the different types of ADUs is the first step in envisioning how you can maximize the potential of your property. Each type comes with its own unique set of advantages, challenges, and, of course, costs.
Leveraging Existing Structures: Conversions and JADUs
For many homeowners, the most cost-effective path to building an ADU is to work with the structures you already have. This approach significantly reduces construction costs by utilizing an existing foundation and frame.
The Garage Conversion: The Popular Choice
Transforming an attached or detached garage into a living space is one of the most popular types of ADU projects.
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The Appeal: It leverages a structure that is often underutilized, saving you the immense cost of building a new foundation and shell.
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The Process: This involves finishing the interior, adding insulation, running plumbing and electrical, and installing a kitchen and bathroom. The garage door is typically replaced with a standard wall, windows, and an entry door.
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Cost Factor: While still a major project, the ADU house cost for a garage conversion is generally on the lower end of the spectrum due to the savings on major structural work.
The Interior Conversion: JADUs and Basement Apartments
A Junior Accessory Dwelling Unit (JADU) is a specific type of conversion, usually created within the existing footprint of the main house, such as converting a spare bedroom. They are typically smaller than a standard ADU and may share a bathroom with the main house. A basement conversion transforms an often-dark storage area into a bright, legal apartment. Both options are cost-effective ways to create a new unit with minimal exterior disruption.
Building from the Ground Up: Detached ADUs (DADUs)
For those with the space and the budget, building a brand-new, standalone structure offers the most freedom and privacy.
The Backyard Cottage: A True Second Home
A detached ADU, often called a backyard cottage or granny flat, is a small home built in your backyard.
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The Appeal: It offers complete separation and privacy for both the main house occupants and the ADU residents. It also provides the most design flexibility, as you are not constrained by an existing structure.
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The Process: This is a full-scale construction project, involving everything from site prep and pouring a foundation to framing, roofing, and finishing a complete home.
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Cost Factor: The ADU house cost for a detached unit is the highest, as it is essentially the cost of building a small house from scratch. Site work and utility connections are major expenses to factor in.
The Above-Garage ADU: The Modern Carriage House
Building a new living unit above an existing detached garage is an excellent way to create a private, detached unit without sacrificing your backyard's green space. This "carriage house" style provides an elevated living experience with great views and a clear separation from the main home. The cost is significant but can be less than a fully detached unit if the garage's existing foundation can support a second story.
Conclusion: Matching the ADU to Your Goals
So, what does ADU stand for? It stands for options. From a simple interior JADU to a custom-built backyard cottage, there is an ADU type to fit nearly any property and goal. The key is to understand the pros and cons of each. Conversions offer a lower ADU house cost and a faster timeline, while detached units provide more privacy and design freedom. By exploring these different avenues, you can find the perfect solution to unlock the hidden value in your property.
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