Understanding the Forging Process: An Overview
Forge is a metalworking process that has been used for centuries to shape metals through the application of compressive forces. Early humans first started using basic forge techniques as early as the Stone Age to shape stone, bone, and antler into tools and weapons. As metals like copper, bronze, and iron became commonly used starting in the Bronze Age, forge emerged as an important metalworking process.
Over the millennia, forge techniques became more advanced through experimentation and the development of new tooling. Forging The invention of the mechanical press in the late 18th century led to a major advancement that allowed for higher production rates compared to manual hammer forge. In the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century, steam-powered forge presses came into widespread use to mass produce parts for industries like railroads, ships, and factories. Modern computer-controlled forge processes developed in the late 20th century enabled precision forge of complex shapes and alloys.
Today, forge remains a critical metalforming operation applied across many industries. Automotive, aerospace, construction, oil/gas, and defense are some of the major sectors where forged components are commonly used. With continued technological developments, forge allows engineers to design stronger, yet lighter weight parts for demanding applications.
Main Forging Methods
The two primary forge methods are open-die forge and closed-die forge. Open-die forge is the oldest technique involving placing a heated metal billet between an anvil and hammer and hammering it into shape without the use of dies. This allows rough shaping but poor dimensional control and consistency between parts.
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