Based on the subgroup analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy should also be considered when visceral pleural involvement is present even if the tumor size is less than 3cm. Adjuvant chemotherapy may be useful for patients with stage IB NSCLC with high-risk factors and more relevant for patients with visceral pleural involvement or vascular invasion. Adjuvant chemotherapy may be useful for patients with stage IB NSCLC with high-risk factors and more relevant for patients with visceral pleural involvement or vascular invasion. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can reportedly cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Therefore, we investigated the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with diarrhea. We included 118 COVID-19 patients admitted to a single hospital from February 20 to March 31, 2020. Medical records with clinical characteristics, laboratory data, treatment course, and clinical outcomes were compared based on the presence or absence of diarrhea. Prognostic factors for disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 were also assessed. Among patients, 54 (45.8%) had diarrhea, whereas seven (5.9%) had only diarrhea. The median age of patients with diarrhea was 59 years (44 to 64), and 22 (40.7%) were male. Systemic steroid use, intensive care unit admission, septic shock, and acute respiratory distress syndrome were less frequent in the diarrhea group than in the non-diarrhea group. No significant differences were observed in total hospital stay and mortality between groups. On multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.12; p = 0.044), diabetes (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.25 to 20.47; p = 0.042), and dyspnea (OR, 41.19; 95% CI, 6.60 to 823.16; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for septic shock. On Cox regression analysis, diabetes (hazard ratio [HR], 4.82; 95% CI, 0.89 to 26.03; p = 0.043) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR, 16.58; 95% CI, 3.10 to 88.70; p = 0.044) were risk factors for mortality. Diarrhea was present in 45.8% of patients and was a common symptom of COVID-19. Although patients with diarrhea showed less severe clinical features, diarrhea was not associated with disease severity or mortality. Diarrhea was present in 45.8% of patients and was a common symptom of COVID-19. Although patients with diarrhea showed less severe clinical features, diarrhea was not associated with disease severity or mortality. There are concerns that the use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers may increase the risk of being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or progressing to a severe clinical course after infection. This this study aimed to investigate the influence of RAS blockers on the risk and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing nationwide claims data of 215,184 adults who underwent SARS-CoV-2 tests in South Korea. The SARS-CoV-2 positive rates and clinical outcomes were evaluated according to the use of RAS blockers in patients with hypertension (n = 64,243). In total, 38,919 patients with hypertension were on RAS blockers. The SARS-CoV-2 positive rates were significantly higher in the RAS blocker group than in the control group after adjustments (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 1.36; p < 0.001), and matching by propensity score (adjusted OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.32; p = 0.017). Among the 1,609 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients with hypertension, the use of RAS blockers was not associated with poor outcomes, such as mortality (adjusted OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.17; p = 0.265), and a composite of admission to the intensive care unit and mortality (adjusted OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.22; p = 0.669). Analysis in the propensity scorematched population showed consistent results. In this Korean nationwide claims dataset, the use of RAS blockers was associated with a higher risk to SARS-CoV-2 infection but not with higher mortality or other severe clinical courses. In this Korean nationwide claims dataset, the use of RAS blockers was associated with a higher risk to SARS-CoV-2 infection but not with higher mortality or other severe clinical courses.The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide. Although hyperuricemia has been associated with CKD in many studies, it remains controversial whether this is the cause or the result of decreased renal function. Recent observational studies of healthy populations and patients with CKD have reported that uric acid (UA) has an independent role in the development or progression of CKD. Experimental studies have shown several potential mechanisms by which hyperuricemia may cause or promote CKD. However, other reports have indicated an association between hypouricemia and CKD. This opposing effect is hypothesized to occur because UA is a major antioxidant in human plasma and is associated with oxidative stress. In this article, we discuss the potential association between UA imbalance and CKD and how they can be treated.Gut microorganisms play critical roles in both maintaining host homeostasis and the development of diverse diseases. Gut dysbiosis, an alteration of the composition and function of gut microorganisms, is commonly seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD itself contributes to a disruption of the symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiota and the host, while the resulting gut dysbiosis may play a part in stage progression of CKD. This bidirectional relationship supports the concept that the gut microbiota is considered a novel focus for the pathogenesis and management of CKD. This article examines the interaction between the gut microbiota and the kidney, the mutual effects of dysbiosis and CKD, and possible treatment options to restore gut eubiosis, and reduce CKD progression and its related complications. There are few studies describing contemporary status of mechanical ventilation in Korea. We investigated changes in management and outcome of mechanical ventilation in Korea. International, prospective observational cohort studies have been conducted every six year since 1998. Korean intensive care units (ICUs) participated in 2010 and 2016 cohorts. We compared 2016 and 2010 Korean data. 226 patients from 18 ICUs and 275 patients from 12 ICUs enrolled in 2016 and 2010, respectively. In 2016 compared to 2010, use of non-invasive ventilation outside ICU increased (10.2 vs. 2.5%, p = 0.001). Pressure-control ventilation was the most common mode in both groups. Initial tidal volume (7.1 vs. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cc-92480.html 7.4 ml/kg, p = 0.372) and positive end-expiratory pressure (6 vs. 6 cmH2O, p = 0.141) were similar, but peak pressure (22 vs. 24 cmH2O, p = 0.011) was lower in 2016. More patients received sedatives (70.7 vs. 57.0%, p = 0.002) and analgesics (86.5 vs. 51.1%, p < 0.001) in 2016. The awakening (48.4% vs. 31.0%, p = 0.002) was more frequently attempted in 2016.