Appropriate management of the patient with colorectal carcinoma depends on obtaining key prognostic and predictive information from the resection specimen. These include the quality of surgery, extent of lymph nodal clearance, presence of nodal disease, vascular invasion, residual disease post neoadjuvant treatment, and completeness of resection. A meticulous and structured approach to dissection of the resection specimen and subsequent histological examination by the pathologist is crucial in providing this information to the treating clinician. A good macroscopic examination also serves to audit the quality of other services including radiology, surgery, and oncology. This article attempts to review dissection and reporting guidelines with an evidence-based approach and hopes to guide pathologists to understand the basis behind the recommended protocols. We describe the presentation, treatment and outcome of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome with COVID-19 (MIS-C) in Mumbai metropolitan area in India. This is an observational study conducted at four tertiary hospitals in Mumbai. Parameters including demographics, symptomatology, laboratory markers, medications and outcome were obtained from patient hospital records and analyzed in patients treated for MIS-C (as per WHO criteria) from 1 May, 2020 to 15 July, 2020. 23 patients (11 males) with median (range) age of 7.2 (0.8-14) years were included. COVID-19 RT-PCR or antibody was positive in 39.1% and 30.4%, respectively; 34.8% had a positive contact. 65% patients presented in shock; these children had a higher age (P=0.05), and significantly higher incidence of myocarditis with elevated troponin, NT pro BNP and left ventri-cular dysfunction, along with significant neutrophilia and lympho-penia, as compared to those without shock. Coronary artery dilation was seen in 26% patients overall. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/i-191.html Steroids were used most commonly for treatment (96%), usually along with intra-venous immunoglobulin (IVIg) (65%). Outcome was good with only one death. Initial data on MIS-C from India is presented. Further studies and longer surveillance of patients with MIS-C are required to improve our diagnostic, treatment and surveillance criteria. Initial data on MIS-C from India is presented. Further studies and longer surveillance of patients with MIS-C are required to improve our diagnostic, treatment and surveillance criteria.Quality improvement interventions have been shown to improve adherence with bronchiolitis treatment guidelines; however, the long-term effect of these interventions is unclear. We show that while such an intervention led to a long-lasting change, this was attenuated with time. Repeated interventions are required to maintain guideline adherence.The rising incidence of urinary stone disease in children requires pediatric practitioners to keep abreast of management recommendations which are generally geared towards adults. Medical expulsive therapy (MET) is a non-surgical therapeutic option that can be trialed in patients who present with uncomplicated symptomatic ureteral stones. Seminal articles published and indexed in Medline on the topic of MET were extracted and reviewed. Studies suggest a potential benefit of alpha-blockade for the expulsion of distal ureteral stones that are >5 mm but ≤10 mm in adults and possibly >4 mm in children. Conversely, there does not seem to be any added benefit for MET in smaller stones ( less then 5 mm) in which the spontaneous passage rate is high. Conclusions The off-label use of these medications is one of the several barriers which contribute to the underutilization of MET in children. However, these may be a reasonable option in particular for older children and adolescents with the appropriate-sized stones. To study the clinical characteristics andfactors associated with mortality among children withShigellaencephalopathy. The data collection was done prospectively from January, 2018 to May, 2019 with retrospective data from June, 2016 to December, 2017. The study cohort consisted of 58 children <12 years of age with Shigella encephalopathy admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. Shigella encephalopathy was confirmed if culture or real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of a stool sample or rectal swab was positive, with temporal association of diarrhea with seizures, altered sensorium or both. Association of mortality with risk factors was tested using chi square test, and the strength of association was estimated in terms of relative risk (RR) and 95% CI. Seizures and altered sensorium were the predominant neurological symptoms. Shock occurred in 32 (55%) children, while blood in stools was a feature in only 6 (10%) children. S. sonnei was the commonest species identified on stool culture (19;33%). On univariate analysis, prolonged seizures, shock, prolonged altered sensorium, multi-organ dysfunction, lymphocytopenia at admission and need for mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with mortality. On multivariate regression, delayed presentation (presentation to the hospital 48 hours after the onset of symptoms) and prolonged altered sensorium (>12 hours) were found to be independently associated with mortality. Recognition of factors associated with mortality in Shigella encephalopathy may assist in better monitoring of sicker children and improved outcomes. Recognition of factors associated with mortality in Shigella encephalopathy may assist in better monitoring of sicker children and improved outcomes. To assess the prevalence of psychiatric problems among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). Questionnaire-based cross-sectional study conducted at pediatric HIV clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Participants 101 ALHIV between 10-18 years of age. Of the 101 ALHIV, 12 (11.88%) met criteria for psychiatric disorders, of which dysthymi (5,41.6%) and oppositional defiant disorder (6,50%) were the commonest. Father of 7 (58.34%) and mother of 8 (66.6%) screen positive patients were dead as compared to 22 (24.7%) and 13 (14.6%) of screen negative patients (P=0.016 and P=0.0003, respectively). Psychiatric problems are common in ALHIV in the age group more than 15 years. Psychiatric problems are common in ALHIV in the age group more than 15 years.